Depression belongs to the most severe diseases of the elderly people. Quite often, depression is not diagnosed and treated at the older age. Consequently, it leads to deterioration of the overall physical, psychological and social state of an elderly person. Aim: The goal of the quantitative research was to roughly estimate the prevalence of depression among persons who live in houses for the elderly or similar institutions and to find the factors which influence the occurrence of depression. Methods: The sample of the elderly comprised 84 individuals who were intentionally chosen. The quantitative research was based on the use of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Other statistical tests were used to evaluate the influence of individual factors on the prevalence of depression among the elderly: Pearson's chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: The GDS revealed depression in 28.6% of individuals in the tested sample. The appropriate statistical tests showed increased depression rates among the elderly who were lonely, widowed, suffering from chronic diseases or pain, and those with impaired cognitive thinking. Conclusion: Depression among individuals living in houses for the elderly or similar institutions is a grave and contemporary problem. The solution of this problem depends on the timely recognition of depression and analysis of factors which influence the prevalence of depression among the elderly.
Ageism in nursing is a common phenomenon, which manifests in many ways and negatively affects a patient and her care. Goal: The goal of quantitative analysis is to find the difference between ageist attitudes among nurses and nursing students. Methods: The nonprobability sample contained two groups. One group consisted of 126 nurses and the other group consisted of 94 nursing students. The Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) was used to quantify the stance and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used to evaluate the difference between the two groups. Results: Nurses and nursing students had low to intermediate levels of ageist attitudes according to FSA. Nurses showed higher levels of ageist attitudes compared to nursing students as evaluated by Mann-Whitney U-test. Conclusion: Ageism is a part of nursing care and it needs to be eliminated. One way how to achieve this is by early awareness of one's own prejudice. S Ú h R NAgeizmus v ošetrovateľstve je bežným javom, ktorý sa manifestuje rôznymi spôsobmi a má negatívny dopad na pacienta i na poskytovanú starostlivosť. Cieľ: Cieľom kvantitatívneho výskumu bolo zistiť rozdiel v úrovni ageistických postojov u sestier a študentov ošetrovateľstva. Metodika: Výskumný súbor tvorilo 126 sestier a 84 študentov ošetrovateľstva, ktorí boli do vzorky zaradení na základe zámerného výberu. Výskum bol realizovaný pomocou Fraboniho škály ageizmu (FSA). Rozdiel v úrovni ageistických postojov medzi sestrami a študentmi sme overovali na základe neparametrického Mann-Whitneyho U-testu. Výsledky: Pomocou FSA bola u sestier i študentov ošetrovateľstva zistená takmer žiadna až stredná úroveň ageistických postojov, teda mierne pozitívne až mierne negatívne vnímanie starších pacientov. Na základe Mann-Whitneyho U-testu sme zistili,
Introduction: Patient falls are frequent unwanted events. Hospital managements have the important task of implementing an efficient programme of patient fall prevention-which is complex, multifactorial and highly individualized. The goal of this research was to assess the efficiency of the implemented fall prevention programme in selected South-Bohemian hospitals. Methods: This is an epidemiological, observational and interventional study. In 2018, 16 departments in 4 South-Bohemian hospitals implemented the intervention programme-the aim of which was to minimize risk factors of patient falls. All patients were included in the programme during the monitored period at selected workplaces. In 2017, 24,379 patients were included, and in 2018 there were 25,773 patients. We then monitored the efficiency of the implemented interventions. We assessed the differences between the incidence of falls in 2017 before the implementation of the intervention programme and the incidence of falls in 2018 during the realization of the programme. The fall index was set to the number of falls of 1,000 patients and the number of fall injuries during 1,000 days in hospital. Results: After the implementation of the prevention programme, the decrease in the number of falls was recorded at the departments of subsequent and rehabilitation care (from 39.12 to 30.9 falls/1,000 patients and from 0.79 to 0.58 falls with injuries/1,000 hospital days), departments of surgery (from 5.88 to 5.78 falls/1,000 patients and from 0.98 to 0.59 falls with injuries/1,000 hospital days) and the department of psychiatry (from 14.27 to 7.48 falls/1,000 patients and from 0.58 to 0.23 falls with injuries/1,000 hospital days). On the contrary, a higher fall index of falls was confirmed at internal departments (from 8.54 to 10.4 falls/1,000 patients and from 1.22 to 1.63 falls with injuries/1,000 hospital days). Conclusions: The fall monitoring and the root analysis of their causes enable the managements of medical institutions to establish efficient remedial and preventative measures that decrease the incidence of falls and minimize their consequences.
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