Background: Maternal anemia is a worldwide public health problem especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. The anemia burden among lactating mothers was higher in Africa particularly in Ethiopia, and scant attention was paid. To date, there is limited evidence on community level determinants of anemia among lactating mothers in Ethiopia. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among lactating mothers in Ethiopia. Methods: Secondary data analysis was employed using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total weighted sample of 4658 lactating women was included. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify individual and community level determinants of anemia during lactation. Finally, the adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was reported. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 28.3% (95% CI; 26.7, 30.0) with the higher regional prevalence in Somali (68.3%) and Afar (47.2%) regions. Current modern contraceptive use [AOR = 0.

Background: The key cause of HIV transmission is failure to provide adequate information about HIV/AIDS which is a substantial public health issue in low and middle-income countries. While global health coverage continues, there is still little understanding of HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Methods: A secondary data analysis was employed using the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. Data were extracted about comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age. We used multi-variable mixed-effect binary logistic regression to identify factors associated with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Results: We found that having primary (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.56-1.97),secondary (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI 2.33-3.22), and higher (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI 3.32-4.99) educational statuses, being in highest wealth quintiles; richer (AOR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.43) and richest (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.22-1.87), knowing the place for HIV test (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.88-2.42), use of traditional contraceptive method (AOR = 1.93,95% CI 1.12-3.35), female household head (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.31), watching television (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.41) and own mobile phone (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.05-1.33) were positively associated with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Conclusion: Women with higher education and higher wealth quintiles, knowing the place of HIV test, watching television, a traditional contraceptive method use, having a mobile phone and being in female headed household were positively associated with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia.

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological/emotional abuse, or controlling behaviors by a current or former partner or spouse. IPV has a special concern for pregnant women since it leads to higher rates of miscarriage, several complications including adverse birth outcomes. So far, the effect of contextual factors on IPV was largely overlooked. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with IPV among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Method Data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey was used for this study. A total of 4167 (weighted sample) pregnant women were included in the analysis. The multi-level logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with IPV. Finally, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI and random effects for the multilevel logistic regression model was reported. Results In this study, the overall magnitude of IPV among pregnant women was 28.74 (95% CI 27.38, 30.13) with emotional violence being the most common (24.09%) type. In the multi-level analysis, women with no education (AOR = 2.07; 95%CI 1.23, 3.48), primary education (AOR = 2.04; 95%CI:1.24, 3.38), and secondary education (AOR = 1.53; 95%CI:1.29.2.62), women from households with poorest (AOR = 1.72; 95%CI: 1.16, 2.56), poorer (AOR = 1.62;95% CI:1.09, 2.41), middle (AOR = 1.74;95%CI:1.17, 2.56), and richer (AOR = 1.58;95%CI: 1.08, 2.33) wealth index, women aged 35–39 years (AOR = 1.28;95%CI:1.01, 1.63) and 40–49 years (AOR = 1.78;95%CI:1.28, 2.45) and those from pastoral (AOR = 1.47;95%CI:1.04, 1.93) and agrarian regions (AOR = 1.32;95%CI 1.02, 1.88) had a higher likelihood of having IPV. Of the partner-related factors, women with husbands who drink alcohol (AOR = 2.94; 95%CI: 2.36, 3.42) and secondary educational level (AOR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.02, 2.12) had higher odds of experiencing IPV during pregnancy. Conclusion Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is a public health problem in Ethiopia. Therefore, improving the educational status of women and their husbands, improving the economic capacity of women, and promoting the healthy behavior of husbands by reducing the alcohol consumption in those agrarian and pastoral regions of Ethiopia is vital to reduce the magnitude of IPV.

ObjectiveOverweight/obesity among women is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage, low birth weight, congenital malformation and neonatal deaths. Although the magnitude of overweight and obesity among the reproductive age group women is a common problem in Ethiopia, there are limited studies that determine the associated factors of overweight and obesity at the national level. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinant factors of overweight/obesity among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study design.SettingEthiopia.ParticipantsNon-pregnant women aged 15–49 years.Primary outcomeOverweight/obesity.MethodsThe present study used the Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) data for 2016. A total of 10 938 non-pregnant reproductive age group women were included in the analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable multilevel logistic regression were performed to determine the determinants of overweight and obesity among women in Ethiopia. The OR with a 95% CI was estimated for potential determinants included in the final model.ResultsThose women with secondary education (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.48, 1.01, 2.18), higher education (AOR=1.78, 1.13, 2.81), richer (AOR=1.85, 1.15, 2.98) and richest wealth index (AOR=3.23, 1.98, 5.29), urban residence (AOR=4.46, 2.89, 6.87), married (AOR=1.79, 1.21, 2.64), widowed (AOR=2.42, 1.41, 4.15), divorced (AOR=1.84, 1.13, 3.00), aged 25–34 years (AOR=2.04, 1.43, 2.89), 35–44 years (AOR=2.79, 1.99, 3.93) and 45–49 years (AOR=2.62, 1.54, 4.45) had higher odds of developing overweight and obesity.ConclusionWomen with higher education level, high wealth status, older age, formerly married and those urban dwellers had higher odds of overweight and obesity. Therefore, regular physical activity, reducing consumption of fat/energy-dense food as well as modifying the mode of transportation is recommended.

Introduction Anemia during pregnancy is a public health problem that leads to different life-threatening complications and poor pregnancy outcomes. So far, the evidence is scarce on pooled prevalence and determinants of anemia during pregnancy in East Africa for integrated intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of anemia among pregnant women in eastern Africa using recent Demographic and Health Surveys. Method Secondary data analysis was conducted using data from recent Demographic and Health Survey datasets from 10 East African countries. A total of 8583 (weighted sample) pregnant women were included in the analysis. The multi-level mixed-effects generalized linear model (Poisson regression with robust error variance) was fitted to identify determinants of anemia. Finally, the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% CI and random effects for the multilevel generalized linear mixed-effects model was reported. Results In this study, the overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 41.82% (95% CI: 40.78, 42.87) with a large difference between specific countries which ranged from 23.36% in Rwanda to 57.10% in Tanzania. In the multi-level analysis, teenage pregnant women (aPR = 1.22;95%CI:1.02, 1.40), unmarried women (aPR = 1.14; 95% CI;1.02,1.28), pregnant women who had unimproved toilet facility (aPR = 1.17;95%CI:1.06,1.27), and those women from countries with high illiteracy level (aPR = 1.12;95%CI; 1.07,1.18) had a higher prevalence of anemia during pregnancy. Conclusion Anemia is still a public health problem in East Africa. Therefore, enabling the households to have improved toilet facilities by strengthening the existing health extension program, reducing teenage pregnancy, and improving the community literacy level is vital to reduce the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in East Africa.