The hundredth anniversary of establishment of the civil service in Poland provides an excellent opportunity to discuss it. In this article, it was done primarily in order to present the civil service in the Police. This was preceded by showing the status of the civilian employees of the Police even before the regulations allowing the functioning of the civil service were introduced. The presentation of the civil service in the Police includes the description of the background of historical events accompanying the establishment of the Police, as well as the description of the civil service itself was. The primary desire was indicated to build both institutions as part of the state’s administrative apparatus, fulfilling its servant role towards the society. The next part of the article presents changes that occur in the created civil service as a result of the successive legal acts, which are a consequence of changes on the political scene. This picture shows the possibility of applying these acts to the functioning of the civil service in the Police, at the same time pointing to the imperfection of the adopted solutions. The subsequent part of the article is devoted to the status of the civil service in the Police. Figures were presented showing the involvement of the civil service in the implementation of the Police tasks. Conclusions from the presented content are formulated at the end.
Public security, a state constituting a normative subject, is defined by numerous acts that regulate areas requiring specific conduct to be able to assure it. The public order defined in such a way determines public security. Nevertheless this simple dependence is insufficient as regards the normative formulation of public security. It is identified as an expression pointing at public tasks of administrative bodies as a legal criterion for the operation of such a body or as competence of the body. The present paper presents contexts of its usage in diverse normative acts, considered as separate legal departments. Such a broad review has been carried out by their classification depending on categorisation to the political, process and material laws. A separate discussion has been made of public security as a structure that does not occur directly in the basic law, yet ha its reference in it. The presented material enables making a differentiation of the concept of public security in normative acts, depending on the context of its formulation.
immediate living space of a person. Contemporary civilization processes and opportunities resulting from them cause that man ceases to close himself only to the matters of his immediate environment. The development of self-governance, which started in the 1990s, and its three-level expansion, made citizens conscious participants of social life at the municipality, county and province level. The article presents selected issues related to the contemporary dimension of local security. Local boundaries determining the issues of this environment and examples of threats that may affect the sense of security of its inhabitants were indicated. The possibilities of counteracting threats to the local environment by setting the standards of the binding legal order were also presented.
This study is based on the assumption that the primary aim of the emergence of states was to provide security and development opportunities for its citizens. This objective determines the method of exercising power, the applicable legal system reflecting the adopted norms of social coexistence, and the public administration system. It was also presumed that security is associated with a sense of threat and confidence. They can be both objective and subjective, which means that they can be measurable or not. Due to the fact that while there are no major problems with determining the definition of a state, there are still difficulties related to identifying the essence of security and, consequently, also the security of the state. Therefore, the paper is based on the results of the bibliographic method and presents an overview of representative outlooks on issues related to threats, security and national security. This was done by reference to works created on the basis of the law, political sciences, and security sciences. The work was divided into three parts. The first introduces the considerations. The second presents views allowing the nature of security to be determined, and the third part presents the subject-entity scope of state security and the determinants of that security.
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