This study is based on the assumption that the primary aim of the emergence of states was to provide security and development opportunities for its citizens. This objective determines the method of exercising power, the applicable legal system reflecting the adopted norms of social coexistence, and the public administration system. It was also presumed that security is associated with a sense of threat and confidence. They can be both objective and subjective, which means that they can be measurable or not. Due to the fact that while there are no major problems with determining the definition of a state, there are still difficulties related to identifying the essence of security and, consequently, also the security of the state. Therefore, the paper is based on the results of the bibliographic method and presents an overview of representative outlooks on issues related to threats, security and national security. This was done by reference to works created on the basis of the law, political sciences, and security sciences. The work was divided into three parts. The first introduces the considerations. The second presents views allowing the nature of security to be determined, and the third part presents the subject-entity scope of state security and the determinants of that security.
The article presents conclusions from the analysis of solutions applied in Poland in the field of implementation of joint projects of the State Fire Service and selected institutions responsible for ensuring the internal security of the state in the field of counteracting CBRN threats, including biological ones. The analysis refers to the binding legal system and the organizational solutions resulting from it. The considered legal order included the provisions of universally binding law and local law. It was assumed that the use of weapons of mass destruction in a terrorist attack might be executed through the contamination of air, water or soil, as well as by disease carriers: infected insects, rodents or people. One of the real methods of performing bioterrorists attacks is to contaminate the air by spraying, for example, biological aerosol. That is since aerosol production equipment is easily accessible, and most biological agents can be easily transported by air. The objects of such an attack will be primarily places with efficient air conditioning systems, public buildings and metro stations, and all places where people gather including railway stations, airports, shopping centers, sports and cultural facilities, government and public buildings, areas of military concentration, and places of public mass events. The considerations presented in this article refer to issues on a macro and micro scale, which allowed for distinguishing the rules of cooperation and its effectiveness. While endeavoring to objectify the conclusions from the analysis, the article was elaborated by a team of Polish, Czech, and Ukrainian experts.
esearch conducted in the area of security sciences leads to the identification of many determinants of state security. Among them, a prominent place is occupied by a design determinant, namely the strategy. At the basis of considerations presented in this article lies an assumption that constant changes accompanying security of the state and the limited potential of state institutions designed to ensure it are associated with the need for a permanent quest for effective legal and organisational solutions to ensure undisturbed existence and possibility of the development of the state — permanent, because the interrelation between threats and challenges and state security will never be at least balanced. The problem can be resolved by constructing and then improving the strategy of state security. The introduction emphasises the multifaceted nature of security and its form, which is the safety of a particular organisation such as the state. Subsequently, on the basis of a review of representative scientific publications on management and security, the essence of the strategy was presented. It was necessary in order to identify similarities and differences in the commonly available definitions of the strategy formulated by recognised scientific authorities. In turn, this procedure provided a basis for the presentation of practical aspects of preparation and development of national security strategy, and the role of public administration in this regard. The study is crowned with conclusions summarising substantive and research issues of the presented content. In the process of research, the results of which are presented in this article, we implemented a method of examining the content of selected literature relating to the scientific problem reflected in the title of the paper that consisted in: analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, generalisation and inference.
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