Abstract:The topographic plane of the Earth has irregular shape, and for the purpose of mathematical defining, it is to be approximated by rotational ellipsoid. As local geodetic datum, rotational ellipsoids of various sizes are used in the world. More widely usage of the GPS while performing surveying tasks has resulted in the need to define global geodetic datum in order to obtain the best approximation the entire Earth. For this purpose, geocentric rotational ellipsoid WGS84 was defined and the results of the GPS measurements are shown in relation to it. By applying the appropriate equations, the ellipsoidal coordinates are being transformed from WGS84 into the coordinates on the local rotational ellipsoid, i.e. on the view plane. The paper shows User Defined Function created for Excel, by which the coordinates in the territory of Belgrade are being transformed from WGS84 of rotational ellipsoid into the Gauss-Krüger projection plane. Key words: WGS84, Bessel ellipsoid, transformation of coordinatesApstrakt: Topografska površ Zemlje je nepravilnog oblika, a u cilju matematičkog definisanja, aproksimira se obrtnim elipsoidom. Kao lokalni geodetski datumi u svetu se koriste obrtni elipsoidi različitih dimenzija. Sve masovnija upotreba GPS-a pri obavljanju geodetskih radova uslovila je potrebu definisanja globalnog geodetskog datuma kojim će se najbolje aproksimirati cela Zemlja. U tom cilju, definisan je geocentrični obrtni elipsoid WGS84 i rezultati GPS merenja se prikazuju u odnosu na njega. Primenom odgovarajućih jednačina, elipsoidne koordinate iz WGS84 transformišu se u koordinate na lokalnom obrtnom elipsoidu, odnosno projekcionoj ravni. U radu je prikazana User Defined Function kreirana za Excel, kojom se na teritoriji Beograda transformišu koordinate sa WGS84 obrtnog elipsoida u ravan Gaus-Krigerove projekcije.
Abstract:The Danish astronomer Peter Andreas Hansen, who also worked on theoretical geodesy, provided an original solution for solving the geodetic quadrilateral in which the four angles and the length of one side are known. This procedure, identified in scientific literature as Hansen's problem, has been applied in geodesy but significantly more so when solving various problems related to mining measurements in underground exploitation. Nonetheless, the literature does not cover the determining of the standard deviation of the coordinates of unknown points which are established using Hansen's method. In this paper then, equations are derived to calculate the standard deviation of the coordinates determined by the above mentioned procedure.Key words: geodetic quadrilateral, Hansen's problem, standard deviation Apstrakt: Danski astronom Peter Andreas Hansen, koji se bavio i teorijskom geodezijom dao je originalno rešenje za rešavanje geodetskog četvorougla u kome su poznata četiri ugla i dužina jedne strane. Ovaj postupak koji se u stručnoj literaturi naziva "Hanzenov problem" našao je primenu u Geodeziji, ali znatno više u rešavanju različitih zadataka iz oblasti Rudarskih merenja koji se javljaju pri podzemnoj eksploataciji. Međutim, ono što u literaturi nije obrađeno predstavlja određivanje standardnih odstupanja koordinata nepoznatih tačaka do kojih se dolazi primenom Hanzenovog postupka. U ovom radu izvedene su jednačine za računanje standardnih odstupanja koordinata određenih navedenim postupkom.
This paper presents a review of the advantages of application of JKSimBlast 2DFace software in design phase of underground premises. The aim of this research was to show possibilities of the software and possibility of its application in design of underground premises with suggestions for further work. A model of a drift "TIP 5" was developed and analysed in the software to show all the possibilities of the application of software in underground construction. Further work would require a detailed field work to gather input data required for more detail analysis of the effects of blasting in the software itself, as well as validation of the results given by software on the field.
ResumoNos custos totais de exploração de matérias-primas minerais, o transporte participa com 30-60%, o número total de empregados no transporte excede 35%, enquanto o consumo total de energia para o transporte na mina é acima de 40%. Todos esses valores mostram que o transporte representa um dos processos tecnológicos mais importantes na exploração subterrânea de matérias-primas minerais e que a questão de transporte é muito importante, como na escolha do tipo de sistema de transportação, como também na sua projeção, exploração e manutenção. A efi ciência do transporte, além de muitos parâmetros técnicos e tecnológicos de exploração, como também de condições mineiro-geológicas, depende, também, da escolha de vias de transporte optimais, que, se conseguem através de conexão exata de locais subterrâneos de minas com pontos da rede mineira na superfície do terreno. A escolha de vias optimais de transporte mineiro representa uma das tarefas mais importantes nas medições mineiras. Essa obra mostra a maneira de nivelamento indireito do triângulo de conexão em fossa através de método de nivelamento indireito. Palavras-chave:
Underground mining engineers and planners in our country are faced with extremely difficult working conditions and a continuous shortage of money. Production disruptions are frequent and can sometimes last more than a week. During this time, gate road support is additionally exposed to rock stress and the result is its progressive deformation and the loss of functionality of gate roads. In such an environment, it is necessary to develop a low-cost methodology to maintain a gate road support system. For this purpose, we have developed a model consisting of two main phases. The first phase is related to support deformation monitoring, while the second phase is related to data analysis. To record support deformations over a defined time horizon we use laser scanning technology together with multivariate singular spectrum analysis to conduct data processing and forecasting. Fuzzy time series is applied to classify the intensity of displacements into several independent groups (clusters).
Transformation between ellipsoids also called datum transformation implies coordinate conversion from one ellipsoid to another ellipsoid, most frequently to be done by Helmert seven-parameter transformation. Transformation parameters involve three rotation, three translation and scale factor and they can be calculated using reference points which are known before and after transformation. Transformation parameters can be obtained with appropriate measurements and in accoradance with measurement uncertainties, they are produce errors of transformed coordinates. This paper describes standard errors of transformed coordinates using Helmert seven-parameter transformation, when switching from ellipsoid WGS84 to Bessel ellipsoid.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.