In this study, we aim to establish the factors that explain the technology acceptance of augmented reality (AR) in students’ engineering education. Technology acceptance of AR apps has been insufficiently investigated. We conceive a theoretical model to explain technology acceptance by relating behavioral intention to use with the variables subjective norm, technology optimism, technology innovativeness, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude toward using. An interactive AR app on electrical circuits was designed to assist students to overcome their difficulties in understanding how electricity works. A theoretical model was hypothesized and tested using structural equation modeling. The study was conducted using a sample of 190 engineering students. The results demonstrate the positive effect of technology optimism and technology innovativeness on perceived usefulness and attitude toward using, respectively. Furthermore, they suggest that attitude toward using is influenced by perceived usefulness but not directly by perceived ease of use. This could mean that students would be willing to use this app if they find it useful and not just easy to use. Finally, the results illustrate that attitude toward using firmly explains behavioral intention to use, which is consistent with the findings in previous studies. These results could guide how academics and higher education centers should approach the incorporation of these technologies in classrooms.
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de una experiencia de realidad aumentada en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje para la formación de ingenieros industriales, en el ámbito de la mecánica de fluidos. Se analizó la influencia de las nuevas tecnologías en el ámbito de la educación superior, y como las características de la tecnología de realidad aumentada permite mejores resultados de forma efectiva y significativa en cuanto al logro de aprendizaje. Para llevar a cabo la experiencia se utilizó una metodología mixta en el desarrollo de objetos virtuales de aprendizaje basados en realidad aumentada y la ingeniería de software basada en componentes. Se concluye que esta tecnología acerca al estudiante a una comprensión visual apropiada con respecto a la problemática presentada, debido a que la forma tradicional en la que se plantean estos ejercicios, existen muchos aspectos que no se pueden visualizar fácilmente. Es importante determinar en el futuro, si existe una diferencia significativa en la resolución de ejercicios, entre estudiantes que utilizan la realidad aumentada, en comparación de los que no la utilizan.
ResumenUtilizando la colección principal de la base de datos Web of Science de Thomson and Reuters, se analizaron las publicaciones en cuyo título incluían el concepto de realidad aumentada, dado que en los últimos años esta tecnología ha tenido un explosivo crecimiento en distintas áreas y disciplinas. Este estudio analiza la relación de la realidad aumentada con la administración de negocios y la metodología empleada corresponde a un análisis bibliométrico, obteniendo mapas estratégicos para dos periodos estudiados. Se concluye que las investigaciones del primer periodo tienen un foco esencialmente técnico, mientras que, para el segundo periodo, están más enfocados a la relación entre dicha tecnología y las personas. Los temas de ambiente, aceptación tecnológica y computación ubicua, presentan una oportunidad para su desarrollo en el ámbito empresarial, el cual aún no ha sido explorado con fuerza.
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AbstractUsing the Web of Science Core Collection of Thomson and Reuters, publications whose title included the concept of augmented reality were analyzed, considering that in recent years this technology has had an explosive growth in different areas and disciplines. This study analyzes the relationship of augmented reality with business administration. The methodology used is a bibliometric analysis. Strategic maps were obtained for two periods studied. It is concluded that research done during the first period has an essentially technical focus, whereas, for the second period, they are more focused on the relation between this technology and people. Subjects such as environment, technological acceptance and ubiquitous computing present an opportunity for its development in the business field, which has not yet been strongly explored.
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