Background: Musa species (Zingiberaceae, Zingiberales) including bananas and plantains are collectively the fourth most important crop in developing countries. Knowledge concerning Musa genome structure and the origin of distinct cultivars has greatly increased over the last few years. Until now, however, no large-scale analyses of Musa genomic sequence have been conducted. This study compares genomic sequence in two Musa species with orthologous regions in the rice genome.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the carotenoid content and genetic variability of banana accessions from the Musa germplasm collection held at Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits, Brazil. Forty-two samples were analyzed, including 21 diploids, 19 triploids and two tetraploids. The carotenoid content was analyzed spectrophotometrically and genetic variability was estimated using 653 DArT markers. The average carotenoid content was 4.73 μg.g -1 , and ranged from 1.06 μg.g -1 for the triploid Nanica (Cavendish group) to 19.24 μg.g -1 for the triploid Saney. The diploids Modok Gier and NBA-14 and the triploid Saney had a carotenoid content that was, respectively, 7-fold, 6-fold and 9-fold greater than that of cultivars from the Cavendish group (2.19 μg.g -1). The mean similarity among the 42 accessions was 0.63 (range: 0.24 to 1.00). DArT analysis revealed extensive genetic variability in accessions from the Embrapa Musa germplasm bank.

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for banana was constructed from leaves of the wild diploid 'Calcutta 4' clone (Musa acuminata subsp. Burmannicoides 2n = 2 x = 22). 'Calcutta 4' is widely used in breeding programs for its resistance to the current major disease of banana and is being used to build a genetic reference map of banana. As banana leaves are particularly rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides a protocol was adapted to isolate intact nuclei and high-molecular-weight (HMW) DNA. A total of 55,152 clones with an average insert size of 100 kb were picked. The frequency of BAC clones carrying inserts derived from chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA was estimated to be 1.5%. The coverage of the library is equivalent to 9.0-times the haploid genome. The BAC library was screened with 13 RFLP probes belonging to the 8 linkage groups of the consensus molecular map of banana. A total of 135 clones were identified giving an average of 10.38 clones for each locus. This BAC library will be a valuable starting tool for many of the goals of the recently emerged International Musa Genomic Consortium. One of our initial objectives will be to develop a banana physical map by BAC-FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) viewing the characterization of translocation break points.

ABSTRACT. Thirty-four microsatellite markers (SSRs) were identified in EST and BAC clones from Musa acuminata burmannicoides var. Calcutta 4 and validated in 22 Musa genotypes from the Banana Germplasm Bank of Embrapa-CNPMF, which includes wild and improved diploids. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 14. The markers were considered highly informative based on their polymorphism information content values; more than 50% were above 0.5. These SSRs will be useful for banana breeding programs, for studies of genetic diversity, germplasm characterization and selection, development of saturated genetic linkage maps, and marker assisted selection.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um sistema de micropropagação massal de variedades de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Foram utilizadas as variedades Aipim-Rosa, Aipim-Maranhão, Cangaíba, Caravela, Cravela e Pretinha. Para o isolamento dos meristemas, multiplicação e aclimatização das plântulas, empregaram-se métodos desenvolvidos na Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical. Após 30 dias, obteve-se desenvolvimento e formação de plântulas em 78% dos meristemas. Independentemente da variedade e do subcultivo, a taxa média de multiplicação foi de 2,9, permitindo, assim, a obtenção de 231,2 plântulas por matriz, ao final de cinco subcultivos. Embora a porcentagem de formação de calos tenha sido elevada (22%), não afetou negativamente a taxa de multiplicação. Praticamente não houve estiolamento, e as folhas das plântulas apresentaram desenvolvimento normal quanto a sua forma, tamanho e coloração. Os níveis médios de contaminação (7%), perdas por outros fatores (19%) e formação de raízes (52%) foram satisfatórios. Houve efeito pronunciado do genótipo no desenvolvimento in vitro das plântulas. A 'Cangaíba' apresentou as maiores taxas de multiplicação, de altura das plântulas e de formação de raízes por subcultivo, sendo, em média, de 3,6, 43,7 mm e 77%, respectivamente. As plântulas micropropagadas foram facilmente aclimatizadas.

No abstract

Construction of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries of banana (Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana).

No abstract