Co-gasification contributes significantly to the generation of hydrogen-rich syngas since it not only addresses the issue of feedstock variation but also has synergistic benefits. In this article, recent research on hydrogen concentration and yield, tar content, gasification efficiency, and carbon conversion efficiency is explored systematically. In feedstocks with high water content, steam gasification and supercritical hydrothermal gasification technologies are ideal for producing hydrogen at a concentration of 57%, which can be increased to 82.9% using purification technology. Carbonized coals, chars, and cokes have high microwave absorption when used as feedstocks. Moreover, coconut activated carbon contains elements that provide a high tan δ value and are worthy of further development as feedstocks, adsorbents or catalysts. Meanwhile, the FeSO4 catalyst has the greatest capacity for storing microwave energy and producing dielectric losses; therefore, it can serve as both a catalyst and microwave absorber. Although microwave heating is preferable to conventional heating, the amount of hydrogen it generates remains modest, at 60% and 32.75% in single-feeding and co-feeding modes, respectively. The heating value of syngas produced using microwaves is 17.44 MJ/m³, much more than that produced via conventional heating. Thus, despite a lack of research on hydrogen-rich syngas generation based on co-gasification and microwave heating, such techniques have the potential to be developed at both laboratory and industrial scales. In addition, the dielectric characteristics of feedstocks, beds, adsorbents, and catalysts must be further investigated to optimize the performance of microwave heating processes.
Geothermal energy is one of the primary sources of clean electricity generation as the world transitions away from fossil fuels. In comparison to enhanced geothermal methods based on artificial fracturing, closed-loop geothermal systems (CLGSs) avoid seismicity-induced risk, are independent of reservoir permeability, and do not require the direct interaction between the fluid and the geothermal reservoir. In recent years, the development of CLGS technologies that offer high energy efficiencies has been explored. Research on coaxial closed-loop geothermal systems (CCLGS) and U-shaped closed-loop geothermal system (UCLGS) systems were reviewed in this paper. These studies were categorized based on their design, modeling methods, and heat transfer performance. It was found that UCLGSs had superior heat transfer performances compared to CCLGS. In addition, UCLGSs that utilized CO2 as a working fluid were found to be promising technologies that could help in addressing the future challenges associated with zero-emission compliance and green energy demand. Further research to improve the heat transfer performance of CLGS, especially with regards to improvements in wellbore layout, equipment sizing, and its integration with CO2 capture technologies is critical to ensuring the feasibility of this technology in the future.
<p>Pemanfaatan batu bara dan biomassa untuk menghasilkan panas dan daya semakin meningkat seiring dengan kebutuhan energi yang semakin tinggi. Cadangan batu bara Indonesia yang sebagian besarnya adalah batu bara kualitas rendah, menarik untuk diteliti bersamaan dengan pemanfaatan biomassa. Sehingga tujuan dari studi ini adalah melakukan investigasi pengaruh perbandingan udara bahan bakar suatu tungku pembakaran bersama antara biomassa dan batu bara. Penelitian dilakukan secara simulasi computer menggunakan perangkat lunak ASPEN PLUS. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan pemodelan termodinamika dengan ASPEN PLUS mampu menyimulasikan pembakaran bersama antara biomassa dan batu bara. Penambahan biomassa menurunkan temperatur gas pembakaran dari 900°C menjadi 400°C sehingga menurunkan kadar NOx dan SOx. Pengaruh <em>excess air </em>menurunkan temperatur pembakaran. Efisiensi tungku pembakaran bersama antara biomassa dan batu bara diatas 60% dan dipengaruhi oleh komposisi campuran.</p>
The goal of the study is to investigate the impact of adding steam as a gasification agent for the co-gasification of biomass and coal. Study has been performed with ASPEN PLUS simulation, and has been confirmed by experimental findings. The coal and biomass ratio of 60% was gasified at an equivalent ratio of 0.29 and 0.35. The addition of steam was as much as 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% for each equivalence ratio difference. The findings demonstrate that the best quality of fuel gasses such as CO and It is obtained by applying up to 75% steam where the temperature of the reactor can still be held at 770°C. The cold gas efficiency and carbon combustion efficiency where equivalent ratio ranged from 0.29 to 0.35 at 75% steam to air ratio are 61.2-67.3% and 77-79%, respectively. Co-gasification between coal and biomass with a combination of air and steam may technically be a replacement for biomass gasification with air.
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