Background: Traditional preparation of the leaf of Flemingia stricta (Fabaceae) Roxb. , a medicinal plant of the Indian subcontinent, has been used for treatment of different diseases as herbal preparation. Our purpose was to analyze Neuropharmacological effects of different chemical extracts of Flemingia stricta Roxb. as particular form of behavioral inhibition that occurs in response to novel environmental events. Methods:In present study, the anxiogenic activity of crude extracts of Flemingia stricta leaves was determined using standard animal behavioral models, such as hole cross and open field; Sedative property and anxiolytic potential were assessed by conducting thiopental sodium induced sleeping times tests and elevated plus maze test respectively. Results:The crude extracts at both dose (200 and 400mg/kg) exhibited a significant (P<0.05, P<0.01) dose-dependent suppression of motor activity and exploratory activity of mice in both open field and hole cross test. In anxiolytic study, extracts displayed increased percentage of entry into open arm at the dose of 200 and 400mg/kg. Extracts produced a significant (P<0.05, P<0.01) increase in sleeping duration and reduction of onset of sleep compared to sodium thiopental at both doses (200 and 400mg/kg). Conclusion:This study demonstrates that the treated extracts have significant central nervous system depressant effect. Further studies on the active constituent of the extract can provide approaches for therapeutic intervention.
Antimicrobial resistance gene mcr-1 has been disseminated globally since its first discovery in Southern China in late 2015. However, the mcr-1 gene had not been identified previously in Salmonella isolates from poultry in Bangladesh. Here, we aimed to explore antimicrobial resistance gene mcr-1 in Salmonella isolates. Eighty two Salmonella isolates were isolated and characterized from suspected poultry specimens received from different zones of the country. A phenotypic disc diffusion assay with 15 antimicrobial agents was performed following CLSI standard. The disk diffusion assay showed that, all of the isolates presented high resistance to colistin (92.68%), oxytetracycline (86.59%), co-trimoxazole (76.83%), ciprofloxacin (73.17%) and enrofloxacin (65.85%). Further, randomly selected 10 Salmonella isolates were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting genus-specific invA and antimicrobial (colistin) resistance mcr-1 genes. Five were confirmed for the presence of the mcr-1 gene belonging to Salmonella spp. Further, sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis revealed divergent evolutionary relation between the LptA and MCR proteins rendering them resistant to colistin. Three-dimensional homology structures of MCR-1 proteins were constructed and verified using different bioinformatics tools. Moreover, molecular docking interactions suggested that, MCR-1 and LptA share a similar substrate binding cavity which could be validated for the functional analysis. The results represent here is the first molecular and in silico analysis of colistin resistance mcr-1 gene of Salmonella in poultry in Bangladesh, which may emphasize the importance of the study on antibiotic resistance genes requiring for national monitoring and strategic surveillance in the country.
Aims and objective : To evaluate the safety and efficacy of supracostal puncture for PCNL procedure. Materials and methods : This is a retrospective study conducted in Department of Urology, NIKDU, Dhaka, from January 2013 to December 2016. A total of 408 patients underwent PCNL, of whom 56 (13.72%) had supracostal access. All procedures were performed under G/A. All were performed in a single setting & the data were analysed for indications, stone clearance rates and the complications associated with supracostal access. The indications for supracostal access were staghorncalculi ,uppercalyceal stone, pelvic stone , complex inferior calyceal stones , stones in upper ureter and high lying kidney. All supracostal punctures were made in 11th intercostal space and was made by the urologists under C- arm fluoroscopic guidance in prone position. After tract dilatation ultrasound lithotripsy was used for fragmentation of stones. The operative time , success rate, hospital stay and complications were evaluated. Results : Single tract access was used in 44 (78%) cases, 12 (22%) patients required a second tract. Additional punctures were needed for staghorn calculi (4 out of 14). Overall 82% of the patients were rendered stone free or had a clinically insignificant residual calculi with PCNL alone and this increased to 96% with ancillary procedures. In patient with staghorn calculi, they were completely cleared in 78%. Overall complication rate was 26% which included hydrothorax in 5 (10%) patients,3 of which required insertion of chest tube. 2 (3.5%) patient developed haemothorax due to injury to intercostals vessels, 2 (3.5%) patient developed perforation of the pelvis, 2(3.5%) developed perinephric collection, infection/ urosepsis in 4(7%). The rest of the patients recovered successfully. Post operative stay ranged from 2 to 9 days. Conclusion : Supra costal puncture is safe and effective option which give high stone clearance rate with acceptable complications. With a good understanding of the anatomy surrounding the upper pole of the kidney and attention to a few technical considerations during the procedures, access is very safe and effective. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2018 p.140-144
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