Objective:The primary objective of this study was to compare clinically and radiographically the efficacy of autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and autogenous bone graft (ABG) obtained using bone scrapper in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.Materials and Methods:Thirty-eight intrabony defects (IBDs) were treated with either open flap debridement (OFD) with PRF or OFD with ABG. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. The defect-fill and defect resolution at baseline and 6 months were calculated radiographically (intraoral periapical radiographs [IOPA] and orthopantomogram [OPG]).Results:Significant probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, defect fill and defect resolution at both PRF and ABG treated sites with OFD was observed. However, inter-group comparison was non-significant (P > 0.05). The bivariate correlation results revealed that any of the two radiographic techniques (IOPA and OPG) can be used for analysis of the regenerative therapy in IBDs.Conclusion:The use of either PRF or ABG were effective in the treatment of three wall IBDs with an uneventful healing of the sites.

PURPOSE The regimens approved for the treatment of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are accessible to only 1%-3% of patients in low- and middle-income countries because of their cost. In our previous study, metronomic chemotherapy improved survival in this setting. Retrospective data suggest that a low dose of nivolumab may be efficacious. Hence, we aimed to assess whether the addition of low-dose nivolumab to triple metronomic chemotherapy (TMC) improved overall survival (OS). METHODS This was a randomized phase III superiority study. Adult patients with recurrent or newly diagnosed advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma being treated with palliative intent with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1 were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to TMC consisting of oral methotrexate 9 mg/m2 once a week, celecoxib 200 mg twice daily, and erlotinib 150 mg once daily, or TMC with intravenous nivolumab (TMC-I) 20 mg flat dose once every 3 weeks. The primary end point was 1-year OS. RESULTS One hundred fifty-one patients were randomly assigned, 75 in TMC and 76 in the TMC-I arm. The addition of low-dose nivolumab led to an improvement in the 1-year OS from 16.3% (95% CI, 8.0 to 27.4) to 43.4% (95% CI, 30.8 to 55.3; hazard ratio, 0.545; 95% CI, 0.362 to 0.820; P = .0036). The median OS in TMC and TMC-I arms was 6.7 months (95% CI, 5.8 to 8.1) and 10.1 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 12.6), respectively ( P = .0052). The rate of grade 3 and above adverse events was 50% and 46.1% in TMC and TMC-I arms, respectively ( P = .744). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first-ever randomized study to demonstrate that the addition of low-dose nivolumab to metronomic chemotherapy improved OS and is an alternative standard of care for those who cannot access full-dose checkpoint inhibitors.

Radiotherapy is one of the modalities of treatment of malignancies. Radiation-induced malignancies (RIMs) are late complications of radiotherapy, seen among the survivors of both adult and pediatric cancers. Mutagenesis of normal tissues is the basis for RIMs. The aim of this review of literature was to discuss epidemiology, factors affecting and different settings in which RIM occur.

Carcinoma tonsil with visceral metastasis is a rare entity, and cutaneous metastasis is seen even more infrequently. We present a case of a 55-year-old male with carcinoma tonsil having received concurrent chemo radiotherapy, presenting with multiple cutaneous metastases to the scalp and thigh. To the best of our knowledge, till date only two similar cases of carcinoma tonsil with cutaneous metastasis have been reported in the English literature.

The spectrum of fungal species in throat swab was: Non-albicans Candida and Candida albicans observed in 36.73% and 18.36% of patients respectively. Higher rate of fungal colonization and infection was found in patients with grade 3/4 oral mucositis. Prophylactic fluconazole in HNC patients on concurrent chemoradiotherapy has the potential to reduce emerging invasive fungal infection and its associated morbidity.

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Putty form was comparable to particulate form for resolution of Class II furcation defects.

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