The article examines main trends in financing the federal debt, pointing out its structure, with focus on the role of pension funds as a source of financing; because the surplus of Social Security funds is loaned to the rest of the government; interlinks concerning this process and possible problems; the peculiarities of the federal government pension system’s investment in the government bonds. The US public debt as a share of GDP is much less than in many countries, but its volume is near 20 trln. doll. It may be classified by marketable and non-marketable securities, which are mainly owed to certain government trust funds such as the Social Security trust fund. So the Social Security trust fund, in effect is exchanging one type of debt for the other, taking into consideration that the non-marketable securities represent amounts owed to the beneficiaries. The reserves are in effect borrowed for a time by the rest of the government, and then repaid with interest when the trust funds need them back. Looking ahead Social Security will continue to be financed through its own receipts, mainly payroll tax; and Social Security Trust Fund surplus will become diminishing, with less possibilities to finance federal debt.
This article about theoretical and practical aspects of forming lawful persons of law enforcement bodies exactly education for them anti-corruption conscious and behavior. The analysis of literature is showed that in this moment is not widely using effective methods for creating and utilizing strict system of psychological and pedagogical methods for forming anticorruption conscious among law enforcement bodies officers. Estimated such shortages in anticorruption education as law informing of employees about corruption and its signs, declarative of legal documents about forming anticorruption behavior.The problem is showed – how and what to diagnose from hypothetical briber by psychological methods, which features of person will be in most possibility to detect his /her corrupt conscious. The conclusion is made about necessarily creating and approbation education program for forming anticorruption conscious with using psychological and pedagogic methods which can producing anticorruption behavior among law enforcement bodies officers.
Analysis of the widespread use of modified wood in friction units of various machines has been. It has been shown that the modified wood is significantly changing its mechanical proper-ties, depending on the operating temperature and humidity. Low thermal conductivity and heat resistance of the modified wood requires a mandatory settlement information about temperature in friction sliding bearings. It was revealed that the underestimation of the temperature and hu-midity stresses can lead to intensive wear, and in some cases, to the destruction of the slide bearings.
Locally initiated elastic waves in two-dimensional metals were studied by the method of molecular dynamics. Local initiation of the elastic waves was produced by the impulse, which was given to one or several atoms. The mechanism, the velocity of elastic waves and their spread were studied by the visualization of atomic displacements, registration of the value of these displacements. Whirl mechanisms of the distribution of cross waves were considered in the paper.
The paper discusses the dependence of hardness, temporary and permanent deformations of the elastic compressed wood, the criterion of the relative convergence of the friction surfaces of the temperature, allowing adjusting the estimates of reliability and availability of bear-ings compressed wood at low temperatures. Results of submissions accurately indicate that at low temperatures hardness and elastic deformation of compressed wood increases, and temporary and permanent deformations and criterion of relative approach of the pair of friction surfaces of metal timber decrease.
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