Sorption of motor fuel vapors by sorbents of different natures is described. The goal is to select the optimum sorbent to prevent fuel losses from evaporation during storage. Industrial medium-pore silica gels KSS-3 and KSS-4 are effective in recovery. Industrial zeolite NaX and SKT activated carbon have high adsorption power, but they are difficult to regenerate due to strong retention of hydrocarbons and secondary catalytic processes. A model of a system for preventing fuel losses from evaporation was created and industrial tests were conducted.
With an increase of population density and contacts between people, the emergence of new biological viruses, the threat of various epidemics is growing. Countering these threats involves the implementation of large-scale preventive, therapeutic and other measures, both before the start and during the epidemic. Epidemiological informing of the population plays an important role in such counteraction. The currently used models of epidemiological informing the population of cities largely do not meet the needs of practice. This negatively affects the effectiveness of the response to epidemics. The purpose of the study is to develop new models and justify their applicability for understanding the processes in public health, the impact of epidemics on the economy and business. For the quantitative substantiation of programs (scenarios), such epidemiological informing, a method based on new models of epidemic development in related cities is proposed. The method is characterized by a new objective function that links economic efficiency with the state of health of the population in an epidemic. The models differ from the known solutions both in the space of the selected states of the processes under study and in the connections between them.Using the developed method, seven possible programs of epidemiological informing the population of related cities were analyzed and the best of them was found for specific conditions. New regularities have been established between the parameters of the programs being implemented and the results of the impact on the health and performance capability of the population. It is shown how an epidemic can develop in cities that are differently connected to each other by vehicles. The proposed method allows quickly find the best epidemiological informing programs for the population. The models underlying this method make it possible to predict public health and the impact of epidemics on the economy and business, depending on the planned measures to counteract epidemics. They are also applicable to determine the sources and time of infections’ onset. The obtained simulation results are in good agreement with the known facts. The method can be applied in advanced information systems to support the adoption of far-sighted decisions to counteract epidemics.
Analysis of the widespread use of modified wood in friction units of various machines has been. It has been shown that the modified wood is significantly changing its mechanical proper-ties, depending on the operating temperature and humidity. Low thermal conductivity and heat resistance of the modified wood requires a mandatory settlement information about temperature in friction sliding bearings. It was revealed that the underestimation of the temperature and hu-midity stresses can lead to intensive wear, and in some cases, to the destruction of the slide bearings.
The paper discusses the dependence of hardness, temporary and permanent deformations of the elastic compressed wood, the criterion of the relative convergence of the friction surfaces of the temperature, allowing adjusting the estimates of reliability and availability of bear-ings compressed wood at low temperatures. Results of submissions accurately indicate that at low temperatures hardness and elastic deformation of compressed wood increases, and temporary and permanent deformations and criterion of relative approach of the pair of friction surfaces of metal timber decrease.
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