Wireless Sensor Network is broadly used in many areas including security surveillance. In Wireless Sensor Network, sensor networks are placed randomly and also in grid depending on the methodology used to deploy the network. As sensor nodes uses energy from batteries for sensing the data and transmitting data it consumes the energy for these operations. Avoiding energy consumption in sensor nodes is hot topic in today's era and also a challenging task, many protocols and algorithms are used to avoid energy consumption as the batteries in Wireless Sensor Network are non replaceable. In this paper we made a detailed survey on the recent issues in Wireless Sensor Networks and discussed various problems with respect to different scenarios as well as different methods. Also the paper focuses on recent approaches in avoiding energy consumption of Wireless Sensor Network and researched the different protocols and algorithms by various authors. The paper focuses future study on energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Network stating new terms and objectives for further research.
Information retrieval is currently an active research field with the evolution of World wide web. The objective of this chapter is to provide an insight into the information retrieval definitions, process, models. Further how traditional information retrieval has evolved and adapted for search engines is also discussed. The information retrieval models have not only been used for search purpose it also supports cross lingual translation and retrieval tasks. This chapter also outlines the CLIR process in a brief manner. The tools which are usually used for experimental and research purpose is also discussed. This chapter is organized as Introduction to the concepts of information retrieval. Description of the information retrieval process, the information retrieval models, the role of external sources like ontologies in information retrieval systems. Finally the chapter provides an overview of CLIR and the tools used in developing IR systems is mentioned. Further the latest research directions in IR is explained.
Generation of waste during the treatment and diagnose of COVID'19 have to handled separately as per the guidelines provided by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in addition to Biomedical Waste Management (BWM) rules. The collection of this biomedical waste from quarantine wards, isolation wards, laboratory and COVID test centres etc. have to be kept separately and should be immediately handed over to the Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility (CBWTF). Hence this paper proposes an IoT enabled BIOBIN for continuously monitoring and alerting the sanitary workers involved in this collection for regular cleaning and disposing of this harmful biomedical waste promptly.
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