With recent advancements in medical filed, the quantity of healthcare care data is increasing at a faster rate. Medical data classification is considered as a major research topic and numerous research works have been already existed in the literature. Presently, deep learning (DL) models offers an efficient method for developing a dedicated model to determine the class labels of the respective medical data. But the performance of the DL is mainly based on the hyperparameters such as, learning rate, batch size, momentum, and weight decay, which need expertise and wide-ranging trial and error. Therefore, the process of identifying the optimal configuration of the hyper parameters of a DL is still remains a major issue. To resolve this issue, this paper presents a new hyperparameters tuned DL models for intelligent medical diagnosis and classification. The proposed model is mainly based on four major processes namely pre-processing, feature extraction, classification and parameter tuning. The proposed method makes use of simulated annealing (SA) based feature selection. Then, a set of DL models namely recurrent neural network (RNN), gated recurrent units (GRU) and long short term memory (LSTM) are used for classification. To further increase the classification performance, differential evolution (DE) algorithm is applied to tune the hyperparameters of the DL models. A detailed simulation analysis takes place using three benchmark medical dataset namely Diabetes, EEG Eye State and Sleep stage dataset. The simulation outcome indicated that the DE-LSTM model have shown better performance with the maximum accuracy of 97.59%, 88.52% and 93.18% on the applied diabetes, EEG Eye State and Sleep Stage dataset.
Ontologies enriches the knowledge and add meaning to the data residing in semantic web. Ontology matching identifies concepts for matching in source ontologies to the target ontologies to eliminate heterogeneities. Despite using similarity measures for identifying similar concepts, the ontology matching systems fails to handle uncertainty. This paper proposes a rough set based ontology matching system to handle uncertainty which aims (i)to optimize concepts considered for matching by using concept type classification(ii) to use rough set concepts using indiscernibility relations and reducts (iii) to apply criterion of realism – a decision making under uncertainty criteria. The experiments conducted in the OAEI benchmark data sets, RSOM system yielded an increase of 8% in precision. The combined approach of using reduct and indiscenibilty relations reduces the number of concepts considered for matching among uncertain entities to about 70% in comparison to the existing systems and increases the accuracy of results by using criterion of realism.
Information retrieval is currently an active research field with the evolution of World wide web. The objective of this chapter is to provide an insight into the information retrieval definitions, process, models. Further how traditional information retrieval has evolved and adapted for search engines is also discussed. The information retrieval models have not only been used for search purpose it also supports cross lingual translation and retrieval tasks. This chapter also outlines the CLIR process in a brief manner. The tools which are usually used for experimental and research purpose is also discussed. This chapter is organized as Introduction to the concepts of information retrieval. Description of the information retrieval process, the information retrieval models, the role of external sources like ontologies in information retrieval systems. Finally the chapter provides an overview of CLIR and the tools used in developing IR systems is mentioned. Further the latest research directions in IR is explained.
Sleep stage performs a vital role in people's daily lives in the detection of sleep-related diseases. Conventional automated sleep stage classifier models are not efficient due to the complexity linked to the design of mathematical models and extraction of hand-engineering features. Further, quick oscillations amongst sleep stages frequently lead to indistinct feature extraction, which might result in the imprecise classification of sleep stages. To resolve these issues, deep learning (DL) models are applied, which make use of many layers of linear and nonlinear processing components for learning the hierarchical representation or feature from input data and have been used for sleep stage classification (SSC). Therefore, this paper proposes an ensemble of voting-based DL models, namely the recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), with activation Regularization (AR) functions for SSC. The penalty addition of L1, L1_L2, and L2 on the layers of the model fine-tunes it in proportion to the magnitude of the activation function in the model by reducing overfitting. Subsequently, the presented model integrates the results of every classification model to the max voting combination rule. Finally, experimental results of the proposed approach using the benchmark Sleep Stage dataset are evaluated using various metrics. The experimental results illustrates that the Ensemble RNN, Ensemble GRU, and Ensemble LSTM models have achieved an accuracy of 85.57%, 87.41%, and 89.01%, respectively.
: The rapid utilization of the vehicles and the absence of emergency alerts facility to the vehicle user during natural calamities had led to the number of road accidents over the past few years. VANETs provide an environment where the vehicles can interact with each other to avoid such accidents. Due to the vulnerabilities presents in the network layer of the VANET, the vehicle user delays the timely traffic data dissemination. Ensuring Security mechanism in VANET is crucial for robust network construction for data transmission. This paper discusses the methodology for handling the security issues in VANET common in Non-cooperative game theoretic approaches and also the proposed Bayesian Game based approach to mitigate the DoS attacks. The results are simulated and compared with the existing methods using the metrics chosen. The proposed Bayesian game provides better Packet drop ratio, Throughput and End to End delay against the DoS Attack.
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