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The bactericidal activity of catechin‐copper (II) complexes against Staphylococcus aureus compared with Escherichia coli was investigated in relation to the generation of hydrogen peroxide and the binding of Cu(II) ion onto the bacteria. The bactericidal activity of catechin‐Cu(II) complexes against Staph. aureus (Gram‐positive) was much lower than that against E. coli (Gram‐negative), suggesting that the binding of copper ions to the surface of bacterial cells plays an important role in the bactericidal activity of catechin‐Cu(II) complexes.

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A recent study has revealed that a Eu-doped LiCaAlF6 (Eu:LiCAF) crystalline scintillator showed good scintillation response under thermal neutron exposure. We discover here that Eu and Na codoped LiCAF exhibits superior scintillation properties to Eu:LiCAF. We grew Eu 2% and Na 0.5, 1, and 2% codoped LiCAF by the micropulling down method. In radioluminescence spectra, they showed intense emission peaking at 370 nm due to Eu2+ 5d–4f transition. In particular, the light yield of Eu 2% Na 2%-doped LiCAF reached 40000 ph/n, which was about 30% higher than that of Eu:LiCAF.

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The newly developed model provided good predictive performance of serum digoxin level. Taking simplicity in practical use into account, the clinical application of the proposed model will allow for accurate and rapid determination of the initial maintenance dosing regimen of digoxin based on the individual Ccr value, without actual measurement of its serum concentration.