This study aims to examine and analyze the legality of granting by Singaporean citizens to Indonesian citizens before the Notary Public of Singapore on land objects located in the territory of Indonesia based on Decision No. 912/Pdt.G/2018/PA.Jmb. In addition, this study further analyzes the laws and regulations that should apply in handling grants case based on international civil law. This research was conducted using a normative juridical approach with analytical descriptive specifications. The literature study was used to obtain the legal materials needed in this research. The collected legal material is then analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods with a statute and case approach. The results show that the legality of granting the object of land wills in Indonesia from former Indonesian citizens who have become foreign citizens to Indonesian citizens based on Decision No. 912/Pdt.G/2018/PA.Jmb is invalid and void by law. This case is contrary to Article 21 section (3) of Law No. 5 of 1960 and Article 37 section (1) of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997. Based on the concept of International Civil Law, that action can be categorized as law smuggling, namely an act committed in a foreign country and recognized as legal in that foreign country. As for immovable objects, the general principle accepted in international civil law has stated that immovable objects in their status are based on the principle of lex situs or lex rei sitae. Therefore, it is recommended that every foreign citizen who has land rights or other property rights in Indonesia must relinquish the right of ownership within one year. The granting of land rights or property rights must be made in the grant agreement before the Land Deed Official of Indonesia. Furthermore, the registration of the transfer of land rights will be carried out at the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. Thus, land rights or property rights will get guarantees, protection, and legal certainty to avoid disputes in the future.
Indonesia as a country which adopts civil law system has a number of differences with common law countries. However, by the time the differences become narrow through the adoption of several common law doctrines by civil law countries including Indonesia. One of the doctrines is undue influence which has been applied in Indonesia through court decisions. Such doctrine is not explicitly stated in the Indonesian Civil Code. This paper will explain the Implementation of common law doctrine in Indonesia where the Civil Code has not been changed since 1848, especially in the field of law of obligations. Court decisions become primary resources as a tool in conducting analysis. The results show that common law doctrine is not implemented directly in Indonesia but through the Netherlands. This raises a number of similarities and differences. The reasons why the common law doctrine is not directly Implemented in Indonesia and the similarities and differences of such doctrine will be discussed in this paper.
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to find out how the legal consequences of making a deed by an unauthorized substitute notary and the form of legal protection for the parties as clients of the injured substitute notary. This study uses a normative legal research method that uses a law approach, a case approach and a conceptual approach to analyze the Surabaya Court Decision Number 728/PDT/P/2020/PN. Sby. The results of this study indicate that the making of a deed by a substitute notary that is not valid results in the deed being downgraded to under the hand based on Article 44 in conjunction with Article 84 UUJN and Article 1869 of the Civil Code. The degradation of the power of proof of the deed results in the aggrieved client being able to claim damages from the party who caused the loss. Abstrak Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana akibat hukum dari pembuatan akta oleh notaris pengganti yang tidak sah serta bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak selaku klien dari notaris pengganti yang dirugikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan konseptual untuk menganalisis Penetapan Pengadilan Surabaya Nomor 728/PDT/P/2020/PN. Sby. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pembuatan akta oleh notaris pengganti yang tidak sah berakibat akta tersebut turun derajatnya menjadi di bawah tangan berdasarkan Pasal 44 jo Pasal 84 UUJN dan Pasal 1869 KUHPerdata. Degradasi kekuatan pembuktian akta tersebut mengakibatkan klien yang dirugikan dapat menuntut kerugian kepada pihak yang menyebabkan kerugian tersebut.
Default is something that often occurs in contractual relationship. It can be not perform its obligations in the contract in all or in a part, performing its obligations but not in accordance with was agreed, performing its obligations but not in time, and performing something that is prohibited in the contract. Due to default, the injured party may claim compensation and / or terminate the contract. The problem is, the Indonesian Civil Code does not specify how a contract can be terminated in case of default. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comparative study in other countries in terms of how a default can terminate the contract. The British which adopt common law tradition where jurisprudence is the main source of law is the right choice for conducting comparative studies. Countries with common law traditions have detailed legal rules based on jurisprudence. As in Indonesia, according to British contract law, defaults also can terminate the contract. However, unlike in Indonesia, according to British contract law, termination due to a default is only allowed in the event that the default is very serious. The very serious forms of default will be elaborated and become a part of the discussion in this paper.
Indonesian Valuable Objects on the Load of Sinking Ships (BMKT) have a large potential. This makes the ships buried in Indonesian territorial seas a tremendous resource. Illegal treasure hunters have targeted Indonesia's BMKT because to its great potential, causing considerable losses. Realizing this, it is vital to pay attention to Valuable Items on the Load of Sinking Ships (BMKT) and develop rules to maximize their potential. This study aims to analyze the policies governing BMKT to support investors in participating in investing in the business sector of BMKT management and creating BMKT management that is optimal and feasible for all aspects of the values contained in the BMKT itself. The approach method used to achieve this research is an approach focused on regulations or policies (statute approach) and conceptual analysis. The result showed that there is still substantial overlap between regulations controlling BMKT, making BMKT administration feasible. In spite of this, the Economic Analysis of Law is used to explain the expansion of the legal dimension through its studies. In addition, the economic value and cultural legacy of BMKTs that cannot be appointed due to the difficulties of appointment or the impossibility of relocation may be used on-site via marine tourist activities, notably diving tourism. As such, investors who wish to participate in the business sector of BMKT management may use BMKT more properly and optimally, including local and international investors.
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