To understand the impact of heat stress on agro-morphological and fiber quality-related traits in cotton, nine locally developed cotton genotypes were grown under heat stress conditions (Late sowing) at the cotton research station, Bahawalpur. Genotypes were laid-out under randomized complete block design (RCBD) in triplicates, where plant to plant and bed to bed distance was maintained as 30 cm and 75 cm, respectively. Data was collected from selected, guarded plants for agronomic as well as fiber quality-related traits. The resultsunveiled the presence of significant variations for studied traits under high temperature conditions. The correlation analysis revealed the significant association of seed cotton yield with plant population (0.403**), monopodial branches per plant (0.267**), fiber strength (0.070*), CLCuV incidence percentage (-0.475**), fiber length (-0.447**), nodes per plant (-0.186*), sympodial branches per plant (-0.186*), and fiber fineness (-0.077*). The multivariate approaches i.e., Principal component, biplot, and cluster analysis classify and characterize cotton genotypes on the basis of their heat tolerance capacity. Moreover, these multivariate analyses showed that BH-377, BH-272, and BH-283 were the most heat tolerant genotypes while BH-283 and BH-284 showed comparatively good CLCuV tolerance. Therefore, these genotypes should be recommended for sowing in heat and CLCuV effected areas of Pakistan after their large-scale, multilocation testing.
The present study was conducted at four different locations for the evaluation of mung bean (vigna radia L.) genotypes. It was shown that all of the genotypes performed better in producing yield at Sarghoda region of Pakistan. The mung bean genotype MPP-15039 performed highest in Sarghoda region and produce high yield in all other three location of the Pakistan in comparison with other genotypes. In Faisalabad region all the genotypes performed on second number in producing mung bean yield as compared to other region. The production of the genotypes was on third position at Sialakot followed by Faroqabad. It was also depicted from the study that the genotypes producing more pods also produced more yield. The Genotype MPP-15039 was producing more pods in Sargodha region and it produced more yield. The genotypes producing less number of the pods also produce low yield as in MPP-15002 as shown in graph 3.
Evolution of low moisture stress tolerant genotypes of cotton is a dire need of the time for sustainable/increased production of cotton in Pakistan. A study was conducted to estimate the varietal differences and genetic control of various within boll yield components and fiber quality traits under normal and moisture stress conditions. Five parents viz; PB-39, MNH-886, MNH-147, CIM-598, BH-95 and their ten direct crosses were grown in field in split plot arrangement under randomized complete block design with two replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the two treatments (normal and moisture deficit) and among the fifteen genotypes for all the recorded traits including bolls number per plant, weight per boll, seed cotton yield per plant, GOT, seeds number per boll, seeds mass per boll, lint mass per boll, fiber length, fiber strength and fiber fineness. Treatment × genotype interaction was also significant for all the traits except fiber fineness. Variance due to GCA and SCA were significant for most of the traits; however magnitude of dominance variance was higher than additive variance indicating prevalence of non-additive genetic control for all the traits under both the conditions. The phenotypic expression of all the genotypes varied greatly under the two growing conditions.
Multi-ovary wheat (three pistil) is a unique germplasm for the seed production of hybrid wheat. The purpose of the present study was to transfer the multi-ovary trait to semi-dwarf plants to increase the production of grains in wheat crops. Therefore, tall, semi-dwarf, and dwarf plants were crossed with plants with the three-pistil trait. A three-pistil tall plant was used as the female parent, while tall (Synthetic hexaploid), semi-dwarf, and dwarf plants were used as male parents. F1 and F2 progenies with parents were planted in 2015-16 using RCBD. The outcome of the crosses showed that multi-ovary tall plants gave significant difference for all five traits (days to maturity, plant height, number of seeds per spike, grain weight per spike, and grain yield per unit area) in both generations. The greatest number of grains per spike and grain yield per unit area were obtained from the cross of three-pistil tall and dwarf parent (P1/P6) in the F1 and F2 generations. The cross also resulted in a significant reduction in height (96 cm). Further heterosis studies conducted with crosses between three-pistil tall and dwarf parent (P1/P6) showed the greatest heterosis and heterobeltiosis for the number of grains per spike (60.0 and 26.19%, respectively) and grain yield per m2 (27.68 and 2.85%, respectively). In the case of grain weight per spike, the heterosis value was also positive and significant (17.7). Meanwhile, for other traits, their values were negative for heterosis and heterobeltiosis. High numbers of grains and grain weight were found to be associated with positive heterobeltiosis and in turn the grain yield per m2, but plant height and maturity had negative affirmation with heterobeltiosis. Heterosis studies also indicated the dominant gene action for the three-pistil trait. Thus, the study clearly signified that grain yield can be increased by using the multi-ovary genotype with the semi-dwarf height. This new germplasm will be helpful for breeders to increase the production of wheat crops in the southern climate of Pakistan.
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