Sadiq-21 is a new wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L.) with better yield and rust resistance. It has been released for general cultivation in Punjab in 2021. The variety has been developed through selection from exotic germplasm at Regional Agricultural Research Institute (RARI), Bahawalpur, Pakistan. This variety has high yield potential (>6700 kg ha-1) and is resistant to yellow, leaf and stem rust. The variety can be adapted to rainfed areas of the province due to its better tolerance against moisture stress. Thousand grain weight ranges from 38-40 g, test weight is high (75.7 kg hl-1). It is less appealing to wheat aphids and responds very well to fertilizers. The grains are amber in colour and contain good protein, starch and gluten percentage (12.9%, 53.9% and 21%, respectively). It has good chapati making quality. It has good yield potential if planted in the first two weeks of November, maintaining a seed rate of 100-120 kg ha-1 and a fertilizer dose of 150-120-60 NPK kg ha-1. It can be concluded that Sadiq-21 has high yield capability and is resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses prevaling in the region.
Evolution of low moisture stress tolerant genotypes of cotton is a dire need of the time for sustainable/increased production of cotton in Pakistan. A study was conducted to estimate the varietal differences and genetic control of various within boll yield components and fiber quality traits under normal and moisture stress conditions. Five parents viz; PB-39, MNH-886, MNH-147, CIM-598, BH-95 and their ten direct crosses were grown in field in split plot arrangement under randomized complete block design with two replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the two treatments (normal and moisture deficit) and among the fifteen genotypes for all the recorded traits including bolls number per plant, weight per boll, seed cotton yield per plant, GOT, seeds number per boll, seeds mass per boll, lint mass per boll, fiber length, fiber strength and fiber fineness. Treatment × genotype interaction was also significant for all the traits except fiber fineness. Variance due to GCA and SCA were significant for most of the traits; however magnitude of dominance variance was higher than additive variance indicating prevalence of non-additive genetic control for all the traits under both the conditions. The phenotypic expression of all the genotypes varied greatly under the two growing conditions.
Barley is a leading cereal crop adapted to marginal and stress-prone situations with a higher response to low input. Lodging is a major problem in barley, affecting both grain yield and quality and can be controlled through the exploitation of GA homeostatic genes. The HvGA20ox, HvGA3ox and HvGA2ox genes through differential expression are involved in the phenotypic alteration of the plant especially plant height. The introduction of dwarfing genes and the development of semi-dwarf varieties with better stem characteristics leads towards lodging resistance. So, this study focused to explore the expression pattern of different HvGA20ox, HvGA3ox and HvGA2ox transcripts at different growth stages. For this purpose, two contrasting genotypes of barley i.e. 5-GSBON-18 (lodging resistant) and 5-GSBON-70 (lodging sensitive), were sown both under controlled (hydroponic) and field conditions with two treatments i.e., normal and water deficit conditions. Expression analysis was done first at seedling stage after 0, ¾, 1½, 3 and 6 hours after application of treatment under controlled condition while from leaf and shoot at tillering stage and form leaf, nodes and internodes under field condition. Downregulation of HvGA20ox.1 transcript and 2-fold upregulation of HvGA2ox.2 transcript were observed in 5-GSBON-18 under water deficit condition. This genotype also showed significant reduction in plant height (18–20%), lodging (< 10%) and the increased grain yield (15–18%). So, utilization of these transcripts in barley breeding has the potential to reduce plant height, lodging and increased grain yield.
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