In spite of technical difficulties, it was feasible to use the FSCM for ALK, whereas IL placement led to melting of the anterior lamella. Further studies are necessary for better understanding of its immunogenicity. The light scatter and transmission data show that the first version of this FSCM is comparable to human cornea tissue in this respect.
Purpose To develop an animal model suitable to evaluate the biocompatibility of a fish‐scale derived biocornea. This biocornea has been developed as an alternative for the use of human tissue to replace damaged corneas. Prior to its use in humans, it is essential to determine the behavior and biocompatibility of the biocornea with the natural cornea. Methods A ±250 µm thick, decellularized and decalcified fish scale‐derived collagen matrix was implanted into the corneas of three groups of Fischer 344 male albino rats of 14 weeks old. Rats were anesthetized with isufluorane, oxybuprocaine and marcaine and received corticosteroids postoperatively. The first group (n=6) received an Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (ALK). The second group (n=6) had the matrix implanted into an intralamellar corneal pocket and the third group (n=6) subconjunctivally. Discomfort, attachment of the implant, transparency of cornea and implant, epithelial damage and inflammation parameters were observed during 21 days. Results In rats receiving an intralamellar pocket implantation different degrees of opacity were observed. The anterior lamel started to disappear after day 7. Implants in the ALK group remained transparent despite neovascularization in all cases, but no reepithelialization was observed. Rats with a subconjunctival implant showed local swelling, redness and induration which decreased in time. Conclusion The artificial cornea is accepted quite well early on, but may lead to corneal melting. The curvature of the implant need be adjusted to better mimic the rats’ curvature. Future research is warranted to optimize the Biocornea. Commercial interest
Purpose Collagen matrices are a promising alternative for corneal donor transplants. Existing collagen matrices are synthesized or derived from animal corneas. We investigated whether fish scale‐derived collagen type I matrix could serve as a scaffold for in vitro corneal regeneration. Methods Primary human keratocytes were cultured for 2 weeks onto uncoated and collagen type IV coated scaffolds. Additionally a cell line of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) were co‐cultured with the scaffold. Cell morphology and tissue organization were assessed using fluorescence staining. Furthermore, epithelial morphogenesis, cell proliferation, cell infiltration and the effect of different protease treatments on scaffold permeability were analyzed as well. Results Keratocytes and HCECs cultured onto the micro‐patterned side covered the whole surface of the scaffold as well as keratocytes cultured onto the smooth side of the scaffold. No difference in cell attachment was observed between the uncoated and coated scaffolds. Cross sections showed no cellular infiltration into the scaffold. Dispase treatment separated the lamellae at the edges of the scaffold, but this did not induce cell penetration. Conclusion The fish scale‐derived scaffold is biocompatible with human corneal epithelial and stromal cells and could therefore be a promising non‐expensive basis for corneal regeneration. Additional stromal‐scaffold interaction and cell infiltration studies will be the focus of our research. Commercial interest
Distribution and biology of red snapper Lutjanus campechanus {Rivas, 1966) were investigated in the Red Sea along the coast off Jizan between 15•45-17•47 E and 419 48-42"38 N. The juvenile and immature fish were distributed at a depth range of 6- 27 m (winter 15-21, summer 6-27 m) and mature fish from 27 to 59 m (winter 29-35, summer 27-59 m). Of the 153 specimens, the male to female sex ratio was 1:0.9. Females dominated in the months of January, April and July. Size at first maturity was 440 mm total body length or TL (female) and 500 mm TL (male). Spawning period was July-August. Mean fecundity of seven fish, 3-6 years old, was 169,000 eggs. Annual rings appeared on scales mostly in July. Length was back-calculated by TL= 67.3 + 4.42 scale diameter (R=0.99). The commercial catch was dominated by age group III+ fish. Weight-length and girth-length relations were determined. Mean values of condition "K" and relative condition factor "Kn" of fish in combined sexes are 1.45° 0.13 and 0.98°0.03, respectively. Planktonic crustaceans, fish eggs and fish larvae were preferred by juvenile and immature fish, while larger crustaceans, molluscs and fish were preferred by mature fish as their diet.
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