Purpose Collagen matrices are a promising alternative for corneal donor transplants. Existing collagen matrices are synthesized or derived from animal corneas. We investigated whether fish scale‐derived collagen type I matrix could serve as a scaffold for in vitro corneal regeneration. Methods Primary human keratocytes were cultured for 2 weeks onto uncoated and collagen type IV coated scaffolds. Additionally a cell line of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) were co‐cultured with the scaffold. Cell morphology and tissue organization were assessed using fluorescence staining. Furthermore, epithelial morphogenesis, cell proliferation, cell infiltration and the effect of different protease treatments on scaffold permeability were analyzed as well. Results Keratocytes and HCECs cultured onto the micro‐patterned side covered the whole surface of the scaffold as well as keratocytes cultured onto the smooth side of the scaffold. No difference in cell attachment was observed between the uncoated and coated scaffolds. Cross sections showed no cellular infiltration into the scaffold. Dispase treatment separated the lamellae at the edges of the scaffold, but this did not induce cell penetration. Conclusion The fish scale‐derived scaffold is biocompatible with human corneal epithelial and stromal cells and could therefore be a promising non‐expensive basis for corneal regeneration. Additional stromal‐scaffold interaction and cell infiltration studies will be the focus of our research. Commercial interest
Purpose: A naturally occurring, easily obtainable fish scale‐derived collagen matrix (FSCM) may be a cheap alternative to current keratoprostheses. We assessed its suitability by measuring light transmission, scattering, and immunogenicity. Methods: Light transmission and scatter characteristics of the FSCM were measured. The FSCM was implanted subconjunctivally in rats, to assess swelling and neovascularization, and subcutaneously to observe the cellular immune response. Results: The FSCM had a light scattering of log(s) =1.62 and a light transmission of 90%. Local swelling and neovascularization appeared similar to an implant already used in glaucoma surgery. Both subcutaneous implants elicited an initial and mild immune reaction with only a few lymphocytes after 2.5 months, and did not induce immune sensitization. The FSCMs were well tolerated, while a small fibrous capsule was also observed. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the first prototype of this easily obtainable, naturally occurring FSCM has proper optical clarity, and low immunogenicity. These properties demonstrate its potential as a candidate for reconstructing the avascular cornea. Commercial interest
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