Generally, all petroleum processing industries produce oil sludge or sludge. Polycy-clic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), one of the components contained in sludge, are hazardous and toxic waste material with toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. The research objective was to understand the biodegradation mechanism of naphthalene by utilizing a marine sponge symbiotic bacterial isolate. Partial bacteria Bacillus Sp strain AB353f (BC), sponge isolate Neopetrosia sp and Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus strain PHCDB14 (AC) isolate sponge Callyspongia (Aerizusa) as biomaterial for PAH degradation. Biodegradation method integrates bacterial suspension with 10,000 ppm naphthalene for 25 days. Every 5 days, the bio-degradation indicators were observed and the products of the destruction of naphthalene components were measured using FTIR and GC-MS. The results showed that BC isolates and AC isolates from sponge symbionts could degrade naphthalene. The biodegradation performance of BC bacteria tended to be more dominant than AC against naphthalene. Based on the functional groups resulting from FTIR, three types of biodegradation products were identified, namely: alcohol, aldehyde and carboxylic acid and one transition product in the form of a cate-chol. Maximum naphthalene bio-degradation occurs at an interaction period of 20 - 25 days.
Hydrocarbon pollution, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic in the sea, has a negative impact on biota and must be controlled. Identification and isolation of bacteria that have the potential to degrade hydrocarbons in the sea need to be done to overcome the hydrocarbon pollution. The methods used include quantitative test for biodegradation capacity, identification of bacterial species, phenotype test for gram staining, biochemical test, and genotype test using PCR. The results of identification, selection and optimization of isolates, obtained seven types of consortium bacterial isolates with codes BI, BA, AB, BS, BP, BASA and BAPS which have the potential to degrade hydrocarbon contaminants. The phenotypic data showed that there were 3 isolates from the group of gram-positive Baccilus bacteria, while based on the genotype data, the three isolates were identified as Bacillus infantis and Acinetobacter baumannii. The results of the biodegradation activity test showed that the bacterial isolate was able to reduce the surface tension of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, so that the bacteria could act as a degrading hydrocarbon pollutant.
ABTRACT
ABSTRAKPeningkatan jumlah kasus resistansi bakteri patogen terhadap antibiotik akhir-akhir ini memicu peningkatan pencarian sumber senyawa antimikroba yang baru. Salah satu sumber potensial penghasil senyawa antimikroba adalah bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh ekstrak bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Berdasarkan skrining aktivitas antimikroba dengan metode goresan pada agar diperoleh 2 isolat yang berpotensi menghasilkan senyawa yang mempunyai aktivitas antimikroba yaitu: LCS 1 dan LCS 2. Selanjutnya kedua isolat bakteri di perbanyak dan metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan di panen dengan cara ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak LCS 1 terhadap S. aureus, Salmonella sp. dan Bacillus subtilis berturut-turut adalah 1.000 µg/sumur, 950 µg/sumur dan 800 µg/sumur. Nilai KHM ekstrak LCS 2 adalah 500 µg/sumur terhadap S. aureus, 1.050 µg/sumur terhadap Salmonella sp., 350 µg/sumur terhadap P. aeruginosa dan 750 µg/sumur terhadap B. subtilis. Berdasarkan nilai KHM tersebut, ekstrak senyawa dari bakteri LCS1 dan LCS 2 menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba yang lemah Kata kunci : Antimikroba, bakteri berasosiasi spons, KHM
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