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Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) designed to target pest genes emerges as a promising strategy for improving pest control. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the effects of dsRNA on non-target insects, such as native enemies and beneficial insects, to determine the environmental safety of such treatments. In this paper, we investigated the effects of dsRNA targeting rpl19 from Bactrocera dorsalis on non-target insects in citrus ecological systems by feeding the dsRNA to Bactrocera minax, Apis mellifera and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. The results showed that when B. dorsalis were fed rpl19 CDS dsRNA or 3'UTR dsRNA, the expression of rpl19 was dramatically decreased. Feeding the Bdrpl19 CDS dsRNA to adult B. minax and D. longicaudata caused their respective rpl19 genes to be knocked down over 50-70 and 40%, respectively, but it had no effect on the expression of the rpl19 gene in A. mellifera. The Bdrpl19 3'UTR dsRNA did not have any silencing effects on the expression levels of rpl19 in non-target insects. This study provides evidence that dsRNA can impact non-target organisms, but the 3'UTR dsRNA may not have effects in non-target organisms.

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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas) is an acquired immune system found in bacteria and archaea that can specifically silence or degrade a foreign single or double strand nucleic acid to protect it from infection. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has rapidly been evolved into a genome editing technology, in which the Cas9 endonuclease can be targeted to specific DNA sequences by guide RNAs (gRNAs) that are easily programmable. Due to simplicity, specificity and high efficiency, CRISPR/Cas9 is gradually replacing other gene editing technologies and has been implemented in basic and applied plant sciences to boost yield, regulate metabolic process, and increase stress resistance in different varieties. In current review, we introduced its application scope in scientific research and practical application. We summarized the procedure of target plant generation by CRISPR/Cas9 method. We mainly reviewed the applications of CRISPR/Cas9 and its recent advances in model plants and other crop plants, attempting to provide a related general information to researchers. Further, we also included the inadequacies and concerns of CRISPR/Cas9 that have emerged so far.

In order to explore the quality management efficiency of applying big data and artificial intelligence in nursing quality index, a method of building a nursing management platform integrating nursing indicators and nursing events is proposed. Based on the investigation of the application demand of nursing information system, the method achieves timely data sharing and transmission through WLAN technology and realizes nursing management monitoring, nursing quality index enquiry, and automatic statistical analysis under the vertical management mode of nursing. The results showed that 77 people (73%) thought the time decreased, 19 people (18%) thought the time was the same, and 9 people (7%) thought the time increased. In terms of intelligent application and big data of nursing information management system, there is a significant difference in nursing management efficiency before and after using nursing management information system (P < 0.001). The nursing management control platform is designed and applied, and the nursing quality control method and actual management process are improved, which is very good for strengthening nursing quality management. The overall optimization of the quality control process is realized, which helps to mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of nursing staff and continuously improve the effectiveness of nursing management and nursing efficiency.

Reduced temperatures during germination adversely affect rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. Little is known, however, of the genes or genetic loci involved.Here, QTLs were investigated in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) resulting from a 02428 (japonica)-YZX (indica) cross. The phenotypes of the cultivars differ significantly when exposed to low temperatures during germination. Mapping with a high-density bin map identified 11 loci associated with low-temperature germination of which loci 2 and 4 were identified by multiple traits over two seasons.Locus 2 was a major genetic locus, explaining 22.36% of phenotypic variation.The haplotype results showed that the pyramiding of favorable alleles of these two loci was beneficial to improving the rice seeds' low-temperature germinability. RNA-seq analysis was performed on the second day of germination at low temperature for both parents. Three DGEs (Os03g0119800, Os03g0120900, and Os03g0121300) were obtained for locus 2 and were confirmed as the most likely candidates by qRT-PCR verification, gene sequence alignment, and haplotype analysis. Collectively, these quantitative trait loci and candidate genes may be valuable for the breeding of cold-tolerant rice lines as well as broadening our knowledge of the genetics underlying germination at low temperatures.