Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). IBD patients are susceptible to various infections such as viral infections due to the long-term consumption of immunosuppressive drugs and biologics. The antiviral and IBD protective traits of flavonoids have not been entirely investigated. This study objective included an overview of the protective role of flavonoids quercetin and silymarin in viral-associated IBD. Several viral agents such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and enteric viruses can be reactivated and thus develop or exacerbate the IBD conditions or eventually facilitate the disease remission. Flavonoids such as quercetin and silymarin are non-toxic and safe bioactive compounds with remarkable anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. Mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of silymarin and quercetin mainly include immune modulation and inhibition of caspase enzymes, viral binding and replication, RNA synthesis, viral proteases and viral assembly. In the nutraceutical sector, natural flavonoids low bioavailability and solubility necessitate the application of delivery systems to enhance their efficacy. This review study provided an updated understanding of the protective role of quercetin and silymarin against viral-associated IBD.
This research aims to prepare a nanocolloidal solution of gold and gold capped with PVA by chemical reduction method by sodium tri-citrate as a reducing agent and using gold chloride as a source of gold ions in aqueous solution at room temperature (RT). The prepared materials were diagnosed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the elemental composition analysis by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), as well as the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results showed that the shape of the prepared particles is spherical with enhanced diameters close to 10 nanometers and with good scattering.
In this investigation, the nanocomposites were synthesized using the physical mixing technique. This technique involved adding 20% titanium dioxide (TiO2) to a combination of PMMA and PVA in terms of weight percentages. The physical properties of prepared nanocomposite have been examined by using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction technique XRD, Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. XRD patterns specified that the prepared composite was mostly crystalline in nature. Scanning electron micrograph showed that TiO2 nanoparticles were covered with a polymer blend matrix. FTIR results confirmed the presence of PVA and PMMA groups on the surface of TiO2 NPs. The MTT assay method was utilized on the MSF-7 cell line in order to evaluate the potential anticancer properties of the produced components. The nanocomposites showed good activity on cancer cells.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the structure, morphology and optical properties of a newly developed hybrid structure that was generated from a Fe2O3–Cu–PVA composite matrix. Several methods, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as absorption and transmission spectra, were used to investigate the samples. The addition of copper was found to have no influence on the crystalline arrangement of PVA–Fe2O3, according to the findings of crystallography. In the wavelength region from 450[Formula: see text]nm to 550 nm, the produced composites exhibit significant absorption. It is essential that the region of shorter wavelengths experiences a steady shift toward the region of maximum absorption in these composites when copper is included. The transmittance of PVA–Fe2O3 is over 80% in the region of 600–800[Formula: see text]nm, making it an extremely transparent material. Following the addition of 5% by weight of copper to the nanocomposite, the transmittance of the material dropped to 50% within the same range of wavelengths. The synthesized materials were put to use as anti-cancer cells, and they demonstrated a high level of effectiveness in the process of killing tumor cells, particularly the PVA–Fe2O3–Cu combination.
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