Due to the increased emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, the declining efficiency of traditional antimicrobials has generated severe concerns in recent years. Subsequently, more interest in other antimicrobial agents from natural resources draws more attention as an alternative to conventional medications. This study investigated the bactericidal mechanism of monoterpene 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol), a major compound of various essential oils, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antibacterial activity of 1,8-cineol was assessed by an MTT assay against clinical and reference MRSA strains. A cell membrane integrity test, followed by zeta potential (ZP) measurements, was performed to evaluate the disruption of the bacterial membrane integrity. Additionally, the cytotoxic effect of this molecule on MRSA bacteria was investigated by monitoring reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and SOD). Regarding the anti-staphylococcal effect, the obtained results revealed the antibacterial efficacy of 1,8-cineol wherein the minimum inhibitory concentrations were equal to 7.23 mg/mL. Furthermore, it enhanced membrane permeability, with a 5.36-fold increase in nucleic acid and protein leakage as compared with untreated strains, along with the alteration of surface charge (ZP) in MRSA cells. The tested compound caused an increase in ROS generation reaching 17,462 FU and MDA production, reaching 9.56 μM/mg protein, in treated bacterial cells, along with a decrease in oxidative stress enzymes activities. Our findings suggest that 1,8-cineol has the ability to damage the membrane integrity and induce ROS-mediated oxidative stress in MRSA cells, leading to its antagonistic effect against this pathogen and consequently aiding in the reversal of antibiotic resistance.
Background:The mallow is a perennial, herbaceous biennial plant of the Malvaceae family occupying an important place in the Algerian flora. Several investigations demonstrated that this plant is very rich in bioactive compounds and possesses a large plethora of therapeutic properties, making it an interesting material deserving to be studied and developed to emphasize its curative power. Within the framework of the conservation and valorization of the consumable plants cultivated in Algeria, we aimed in the present work to investigate Malva sylvestris cultivated in the region of Sidi Bel Abbes (West of Algeria) as a consumable and a medicinal plant and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity.Methods: In this context, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out highlighting the popular knowledge regarding the medicinal uses of this plant. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in-vivo using carrageenan-induced paw edema test.Results: Our survey demonstrated that the great mallow is used as a consumable plant and as a treatment against: inflammation, anti-cholesterol and anti-diabetes. For the anti-inflammatory activity, the studied extract proved its effective effect, and was able to inhibit the inflammation induced by carrageenan in a significant way (P≤0.05), after two hours of its administration, and at a dose of 550 mg/Kg PC.Conclusion: Malva sylvestris appears to be an interesting plant that could be used judiciously in the treatment of inflammation.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate in vitro the effect of an aqueous extract of Urtica dioica on the dissolution of oxalocalcic type kidney stones at the mesoscopic scale. The weight of the stones used in our experiment varied from: 0.0625g to 1.1049g. Type identification of kidney stone samples is performed by Infrared spectroscopic analysis. The presence of carboxylate ion of calcium oxalate is highlighted by absorption bands in the 1312.41 cm -1 and 1606.36 cm -1 areas. The aqueous extract of the aerial part of the plant Urtica dioica was prepared by infusion for 30 min of 5g of powder in 100 ml of saline solution (9 g/L of NaCl), previously brought to the boiling point, and there was then filtered. The stones were left in contact with the extract for 6 weeks, under constant magnetic stirring in 50 ml of aqueous extract. Kinetic evolution of the pH and the evaluation of the dissolution capacity of the extracts were carried out every week. The results obtained are very satisfactory where we observe a loss of mass which increases with time in order to reach a rate of 63%. This confirms the dissolution of stones and the increase of pH by the effect of the presence of the base of calcium oxalate in the aqueous medium. According to this study, we emphasize the need to suggest Urtica dioica as a means to reduce the occurrence of this urological disease and to establish less expensive tests and treatments.
The study was conducted to identify and characterize Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk derived from subclinical mastitis in Sidi-Bel-Abbes Algeria. In this paper, we explore the possibility of detection of the coagulase gene (coa), which encodes the coagulase enzyme, by PCR analysis in antibiotic-resistant isolates, with the latex agglutination phenotype and free coagulase.Out of 336 samples of raw milk examined with California mastitis test (CMT) posi-tive; a total of 142 samples were bacteriologically positive with 56.34% Staphylococcus isolates, 21 (26.25%) isolates were confirmed as S.aureus. Nineteen (90.48%) isolates of S.aureus showed free coagulase on the tube agglutination test. Two atypical S.aureus strains (9.52%) were defective for the clumping factor and / or protein A , determined with the Staphytect plus test and the tube coagulase test. The isolates of S.aureus were resistant to penicillin and tetracycline with 76.19%. Two isolates (9.52%) of S.aureus re-sistant to meticillin (MRSA) were detected in this study, with a MIC of ≥4 μg / liter and a cefoxitin screen test with a MIC of ≥8 μg / liter, and 13 (61.9%) isolates were with a multiresistance phenotype. The 21 isolates were sub-jected to PCR amplification of the 3' end of the coa gene, 18 (85.71%) were revealed on a 1% agarose gel with a single band between 547 bp and 875 bp. The use of the PCR genotypic test to identify the profile of the coa gene can be used as an appropriate identification criterion for differentiating coagulases from S.aureus and for understanding their epidemiology.
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