BMG and PSG have comparable success rates in treatment of long anterior urethral strictures. Operative time is significantly longer in BMG. Long-segment strictures are associated with longer operative time, more blood loss, and more occurrence of postvoid dribbling. However, the length of the stricture has no influence on the success rate and functional outcomes of DOU.

It appears that hysteroscopy is a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of the causes of recurrent miscarriage that can be performed safely without anesthesia in most cases. The prevalence of uterine anomalies in patients with recurrent miscarriages is 54.5%, septate uterus is the most common anomaly and for this reason uterine anomalies should be systematically assessed in patients with recurrent miscarriage.

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BackgroundArterial hypertension adversely affects left atrial (LA) size and function, effect on function may precede effect on size. Many techniques were used to assess LA function but with pitfalls.ObjectivesEarly detection of left atrial dysfunction with speckle tracking echocardiography in hypertensive patients with normal left atrial size.Patients and methodsThe study was conducted on 50 hypertensive patients and 50 age matched normotensive controls, all with normal LA volume index and free from any other cardiovascular disease that may affect the LA size or function. They were all subjected to history taking, clinical examination and echocardiographic study with assessment of LA functions [total LA stroke volume, LA expansion index by conventional 2D echocardiography and Global peak atrial longitudinal strain by speckle tracking (PALS)], left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions, and LV mass.ResultsDifferent indices of LA dysfunction (Total LA stroke volume, LA expansion index and global PALS) were significantly lower in the hypertensive group despite the normal LA volume index in all the studied subjects. The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and higher grade of LV diastolic dysfunction were significantly associated with lower global PALS. The higher age, systolic blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), LA volume index, and LV mass index and the lower LA expansion index were associated with lower global PALS.ConclusionSpeckle tracking echocardiography is a useful novel technique in detecting LA dysfunction in hypertension even before LA enlargement occurs.

In view of these results, it might be concluded that umbilical cord tightness affecting fetal hemodynamics (expressed by changes in umbilical artery Doppler) might be a determinate factor affecting the intrapartum course.

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Background: Arterial hypertension adversely affects LA size and function, effect on function may precede effect on size. This effect is reflected on patient's morbidity and mortality risks. Many techniques were used to assess LA function but with many pitfalls. The objectives: early detection of left atrial dysfunction with speckle tracking echocardiography in hypertensive patients with normal left atrial size. Patients And Methods: The study was conducted on 50 hypertensive patients and 50 age matched normotensive controls , all with normal LA size and free from any other cardiovascular disease that may affect the LA size or function. They were all subjected to history taking, clinical examination and echocardiographic study, both the conventional measures and speckle tracking then both groups were compared regarding LA strain representing LA function. Results: Our study found that hypertensive patients had significantly reduced LA function as measured by speckle tracking when compared to normotensive controls (P-value < 0.001). Also, many factors were associated with worse LA function in hypertensive patients as old age, high BMI, DM, LV diastolic dysfunction, high LV mass index, larger LA size, lower LA expansion index and higher systolic BP. Conclusion: Speckle tracking echocardiography is a useful novel technique in detecting LA dysfunction in hypertension even before LA enlargement occurs.

In conclusion, both dorsal strip and ventral strip techniques are feasible for long bulbar urethral strictures with comparable postoperative efficacy outcomes and high success rate.