Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests, such as aquatic weeds, insects, aquatic snails, and plant diseases. They are extensively used in forestry, agriculture, veterinary practices, and of great public health importance. Pesticides can be categorized according to their use into three major types (namely insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides). Water contamination by pesticides is known to induce harmful impacts on the production, reproduction, and survivability of living aquatic organisms, such as algae, aquatic plants, and fish (shellfish and finfish species). The literature and information present in this review article facilitate evaluating the toxic effects from exposure to various fish species to different concentrations of pesticides. Moreover, a brief overview of sources, classification, mechanisms of action, and toxicity signs of pyrethroid insecticides in several fish species will be illustrated with special emphasis on Cypermethrin toxicity.

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Shrimp aquaculture is the rapidly growing sector of fish culture producing sectors in the world due to its rising demand in developed countries. Moreover, the intensive and extensive shrimp culture systems are affected mainly by infection diseases caused by several pathogenic agents and resulting in high economic losses. Nowadays, controlling and preventive infection diseases are the major concern to develop this sector. Besides, the highly extensive usage of chemotherapeutics and antibiotics induced numerous drawbacks in shrimp farming, developed antibiotic resistance bacterial strains, and threatens the aquatic life. Recently, improving the immunity status and controlling infectious diseases using biological methods have become beneficial, environment friendly, and risk-free options in aquaculture. Probiotics have gained much attention as immunostimulants in aquaculture owing to their inhibitory properties on pathogenic microorganisms via creation of an unfriendly atmosphere to cease their growth. Lactobacillus species as probiotics was used in shrimp aquaculture to prevent viral infections due to their positive promoting effects on survival and health. Additionally, Lactobacillus species possesses sturdy antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms such as Photobacterium and Vibrio infections. This review threw the light on the applications of Lactobacillus sp. as probiotics in cultured shrimp which could be of great impact from a sustainable, intensive, and ecofriendly aquaculture opinion.

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Background Fish farming is one of the most productive economies in the world. One of the essential goals in fish production is to minimize processing costs while maintaining and increasing the vital functions, weight and immunity of fish. Objective We conducted this study to explore nanoselenium (Nano‐Se) particles in various feeding schemes. Material and Method Nano‐Se particles incorporated in the basal diet at (0.5 mg/kg diet), and the fish was divided into six groups after adaptation as the follows: The first group was feed daily with a diet containing Nano‐Se (0.5 mg/kg diet); the second group was exposed to a feeding programme in which it has day feeding followed by day of starvation with a diet containing Nano‐Se (0.5 mg/kg diet); the third group was day feeding followed by 2 days of starvation; the fourth group served as a negative control group in which this group was continuous feeding with a basal diet without Nano‐Se; the fifth group was day feeding with the basal diet followed by a day of starvation; and the sixth group was day feeding with basal diet followed by 2 days of starvation. Result Our result revealed that Group 2 showed significant improvement in haematological parameters, red blood cells and haemoglobin with a substantial increase in total protein (p < 0.05) as well as lysosomal and phagocytic activity with considerable upregulation of growth hormone and insulin growth factor 1 in addition to markedly increase in the pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Finally, this study offers the first‐time dietary regime with Nano‐Se supplementation that saves the feeding cost and increases fish welfare and growth.

Food and feeding of the Indian Squid Loligo duvauceli were studied through the analysis of 702 stomachs of Squid collected from commercial trawlers working in Attaka fishing harbour of the Gulf of Suez during September 2014 to April 2015. Food was presented only in about 36 of the total stomachs examined. The occurrence of 1/4-full, 1/2-full, 3/4-full and full were 33%, 39%, 17% and 11% respectively of the examined stomachs which contained food. The empty stomachs (0) were the majority of the examined stomachs during the whole fishing season (94.87%). The food mainly composed of fish, crustacean, cephalopods and unidentified remains, digested matters and sand grains. So this species may be described as carnivorous. For both sexes (male and female) of L. duvauceli the percentage of stomach fullness decreased with the increase in the maturity stages.

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