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A novel and eco‐friendly reversed‐phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection was developed for simultaneous estimation of two co‐administered antigout drugs (lesinurad and febuxostat) with diflunisal as a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug. Unlike routine methodology, the developed method was optimized using analytical quality by design approach. A full factorial design was applied to optimize the effect of variable factors on chromatographic responses. The chromatographic separation was performed using isocratic elution on the Hypersil BDS C18 column at 40°C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:potassium phosphate buffer (30.0 mM; pH 5.5, 32.2:67.8% v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and injection volume of 20.0 μL was employed. The proposed method was able to separate the ternary mixture in <10 min. The calibration curves of diflunisal, lesinurad, and febuxostat were linear over concentration ranges of 50.0–500.0, 50.0–700.0, and 20.0–700.0 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery percentages ranging from 98.1 to 101.3% with % relative standard deviation of <2% were obtained upon spiking to human plasma samples, indicating high bioanalytical applicability. Furthermore, the method was found to be excellent green when it was assessed according to Green Analytical Procedure Index and analytical Eco‐Scale guidelines.

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A simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate extractive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of seven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)--namely diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac tromethamine, mefenamic acid, and naproxen-in pure forms as well as their pharmaceutical dosage forms (tablets, capsules, effervescent granules, syrups, oral drops, ampules, eye drops, gels, and suppositories). The method depends on the formation of an intensely colored ion-pair complex between the acidic drug and methylene blue in alkaline medium. The complex is stable and extractable into methylene chloride. All parameters were optimized. Beer-Lambert's law was obeyed in concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 9 microg/mL. Statistical analysis of the calibration data was carried out, and correlation coefficients were in the range from 0.9996 to 0.9998. The developed method was fully validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, and complied with U.S. Pharmacopeia guidelines. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of the investigated drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations, and good recoveries were obtained. The results obtained were compared with those of reported and official methods, and no significant differences were found with t- and F-tests. Interference effects of some compounds usually present in combination with NSAIDs were studied, and the tolerance limits of these compounds were determined.

Two green, simple and sensitive synchronous spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for the first time for the simultaneous estimation of febuxostat (FEB) and ibuprofen (IBU). Method I is constant-wavelength synchronous spectrofluorimetry where FEB and IBU were recorded at 329 and 258 nm, respectively, using Δ λ of 40 nm. Method II is constant-energy synchronous spectrofluorimetry using a wavenumber interval of −4000 cm −1 . All measurements were carried out in a borate buffer of pH 7 and distilled water for dilution which increased the methods' greenness. The two methods were rectilinear over concentration ranges of 30.0–700.0 ng ml −1 and 0.5–9.0 µg ml −1 in the first method and 20.0–500.0 ng ml −1 and 0.1–8.0 µg ml −1 in the second method for FEB and IBU, respectively. High sensitivity was attained for the two drugs with limits of quantitations (LODs) down to 0.41 and 5.51 ng ml −1 in the first method and 0.25 and 3.32 ng ml −1 in the second method for FEB and IBU, respectively. Recovery percentages were in the range of 97.3–101.9% after extraction from spiked human plasma samples, demonstrating high bioanalytical applicability. The two methods were further applied to tablet dosage forms with good recovery results. The methods' greenness was assessed according to the analytical Eco-Scale and Green Analytical Procedure Index guidelines.

A specific, accurate, precise and reproducible micellar electrokinetic chromatographic method was developed for in vitro and in vivo estimation of rosuvastatin, a synthetic and potent HMG-CoA inhibitor, in rabbit plasma. Further, its pharmacokinetics in the presence of niacin, which could be co-administered for monitoring of severe hypercholestremia, was investigated. The assay procedures involved simple liquid-liquid extraction of rosuvastatin and internal standard, atorvastatin, from a small plasma volume directly into acetonitrile. The organic layer was separated and evaporated under a gentle stream of nitrogen. The residue was reconstituted in the mobile phase and injected electrokinetically into electropherosis system. The background electrolyte consisted of borate buffer (25.0 mm, pH 9.5), 10.0% organic modifier (5.0% methanol + 5.0% acetonitrile) and 25.0 mm sodium dodecyl sulfate at 20.0 kV applied voltage and 215.0 nm detection wavelength for the effective separation of rosuvastatin, niacin and atorvastatin.