Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Using Methylene Blue

Abstract

A simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate extractive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of seven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)--namely diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac tromethamine, mefenamic acid, and naproxen-in pure forms as well as their pharmaceutical dosage forms (tablets, capsules, effervescent granules, syrups, oral drops, ampules, eye drops, gels, and suppositories). The method depends on the formation of an intensely colored ion-pair complex between the acidic drug and methylene blue in alkaline medium. The complex is stable and extractable into methylene chloride. All parameters were optimized. Beer-Lambert's law was obeyed in concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 9 microg/mL. Statistical analysis of the calibration data was carried out, and correlation coefficients were in the range from 0.9996 to 0.9998. The developed method was fully validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, and complied with U.S. Pharmacopeia guidelines. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of the investigated drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations, and good recoveries were obtained. The results obtained were compared with those of reported and official methods, and no significant differences were found with t- and F-tests. Interference effects of some compounds usually present in combination with NSAIDs were studied, and the tolerance limits of these compounds were determined.

Validated Selective HPLC-DAD Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Diclofenac Sodium and Lidocaine Hydrochloride in Presence of Four of Their Related Substances and Potential Impurities

“…Also, the gradient program involves a single step of linear change of the mobile phase composition without variations in flow rate or wavelength. The described method is much more selective and superior over all previously reported analytical methods for DC-LD mixture [41][42][43]. A significant advantage in the study is the separation of both analytes from four of their related substances and potential impurities.…”

“…The simultaneous determination of the binary combination of DC and LD has been addressed in very few analytical reports. These reports proposed several reversed-phase HPLC methods [41,42] and a micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method [43]. Reviewing the literature exposed that there were no reports for the simultaneous selective determination of DC and LD in presence of their related substances and potential impurities.…”

“…Examples of these reports are HPLC with ultraviolet (UV) detection [4,5], HPLC with electrochemical detection [6], and HPLC with mass spectrometric detection [7]. In addition, other analytical techniques involved the use of potentiometric membrane sensors [8], differential-pulse voltammetry [9], spectrophotometry [10], spectrofluorimetry [11], Raman spectroscopy [12], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [13], high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) [14], and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [15].…”

Novel Calixarene/Carbon Nanotubes Based Screen Printed Sensors for Flow Injection Potentiometric Determination of Naproxen

“…They include chromatographic methods HPLC [4], TLC [5], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [6], capillary electrophoresis [7], spectrophotometry [8,9], spectrofluorymetry [10], and non-aqueous potentiometric titration [11]. They include chromatographic methods HPLC [4], TLC [5], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [6], capillary electrophoresis [7], spectrophotometry [8,9], spectrofluorymetry [10], and non-aqueous potentiometric titration [11].…”

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“…It is practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol, acetone, and dichlormethane 2 . Several analytical methods were reported for estimation of ketoprofen in pharmaceutical dosage forms 3 .…”