We attempted in this study to investigate the prevalence of Peyronie's disease (PD) among diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Two-hundred and six diabetic patients were further evaluated in this study. Forty-two (20.3%) patients had PD. There were significant associations between PD and risk factors of age, obesity and smoking. All patients with PD had also ED. Penile curvature was present in 82.1% of all patients with PD. Of the patients with PD, 25.4% had pain with or without erection. Significant associations between PD and ED and ED duration were detected. This study confirmed the high prevalence of PD among diabetic patients with ED. Further work is needed probing the mechanisms through which diabetes affects the pathogenesis of ED and PD.

This paper explores the relation between corporate governance and asymmetric information. We find that proxies for governance mechanisms that encourage the monitoring of managers are inversely related to proxies for asymmetric information. Specifically, greater board independence, board activeness and debt financing are significantly and inversely related to the degree of asymmetric information as reflected in bid-ask spreads, volatility of share returns, normalised share trade volumes and market value of shares traded. This implies that corporate governance mechanisms that enhance managerial monitoring lead to improvements in the informational environment of the firm.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of Saudi bank’s financial stability on risk management. Design/methodology/approach Different ordinary least square models have been used to study the significant effect of banks’ financial stability indicators on different types of risks in Saudi banks. Financial statements were collected of all Saudi banks (12 banks) from 2011 to 2014 from TADAWL website. Findings The results indicate a negative and significant effect of capital adequacy ratio on credit risk. Also, there is a significant and positive effect of leverage ratio on credit risk. Moreover, the results indicate negative and significant effect of provisions, leverage, ratio of loans to deposits and bank size on liquidity risk. Finally, results indicate a positive and significant effect of capital adequacy, provisions, leverage and asset utilization ratio on operational risk and indicate a negative and significant effect of loan-to-deposits ratio on operational risk. A robustness check was used to confirm the results. No differences between small and large Saudi banks was found. All banks are committed to apply Basel accord and Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) regulations. But there is a significant difference in applying SAMA toolkits regulations between 2011 and 2014. The 2014 results reflect very high degree of financial stability in Saudi banks when compared with that of 2011, also greater ability to mitigate risk exposure using different types of macroprudential toolkits stated by SAMA. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to Saudi Banks from 2011 to 2014. Originality/value This is the first paper to use the macroprudential toolkits, suggested by SAMA as financial stability measurements, to examine their effect on different types of risks in Saudi banks. SAMA suggested this group of toolkits to comply with Basel III new regulations and to minimize the degree of risk exposure of Saudi banks.

This paper explores the main determinants of working capital management in the Egyptian SMEs and explains its effect on working capital management. Also, it examines the relation between the main determinants of working capital management and each component of working capital management. Moreover, the paper examines the effect of working capital management and SMEs' profitability and capital structure. The study sample includes data for 138 SMEs working in Egypt and financed by the national bank of Egypt from 2010 to 2013. Data have been collected from SMEs financial statements for four years for each company. OLS regression models have been used to examine the effect of working capital determinants on working capital level measured by CCC. I used firm size and industry as control variables and robust my results using full regression models for every year of analysis. The main results reflect negative and significant effect of SMEs profitability, tangible fixed assets, and leverage on working capital. Also, the industry represents a significant factor in determining the level of working capital in the Egyptian SMEs. Moreover, the effect of working capital management and SMEs profitability and capital structure decisions has been examined. The results reflect that the Egyptian SMEs follow an aggressive policy as businesses hold low level working capital which leads to high return and high degree of risk (measured by LEVERAGE). The study limited to the Egyptian SMEs which are financed by the National Bank of Egypt.

This paper explores the relation between corporate governance and asymmetric information. We find that proxies for governance mechanisms that encourage the monitoring of managers are inversely related to proxies for asymmetric information. Specifically, greater board independence, board activeness and debt financing are significantly and inversely related to the degree of asymmetric information as reflected in bid-ask spreads, volatility of share returns, normalised share trade volumes and market value of shares traded. This implies that corporate governance mechanisms that enhance managerial monitoring lead to improvements in the informational environment of the firm.

Abstract:In this paper we examine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on asymmetric information. Using a sample of 392 non-financial UK companies listed on the London Stock Exchange, we find that proxies for board independence, board activeness, performance related executive compensation and debt financing are significantly negatively related to the degree of asymmetric information (as reflected in bid-ask spreads, volatility of returns and market price volume of shares traded), whereas ownership concentration is significantly positively related to asymmetric information. The results indicate that the UK companies in our sample have a high degree of compliance with the combined code on corporate governance, and as a result are likely to have higher market values.2

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