Arabic gum (Acacia senegal, AG) is proven effective antioxidant and cytoprotective agent. The present study was designed to test this notion by investigating the possible role of AG against the radiographic contrast medium (Ioxitalamate, Telebrix-35®, TBX)-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity. Albino rats were divided into four groups and supplied with either; distilled water, daily 10% (w/v) AG, an intravenous dose of TBX (1600 mg I/kg b.wt) and co-administration of TBX and AG. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to assess the genotoxicity employing the peripheral blood leucocytes fluorescent double staining; namely the acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and alkaline comet assay. Further, chromosomal analyses were done in bone marrow cells. Serum urea and creatinine levels, in addition to malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels in kidney tissues were measured. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS-MS) was performed to identify the chemical composition of AG extract. Kidney functions, single/double-stranded DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, mitotic index, MDA and NO levels were significantly (p < 0.001) increased in TBX-treated group compared to the control and AG-treated one. Meanwhile, CAT and GSH activities were significantly diminished and the AG supplementation significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated these effects compared with the control and AG-treated groups. Five compounds have been identified using GNPS networking including 7,3′,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone, Noscapine, Tetrahydropapaveroline, Costunolide, Hesperidin. In conclusion, results of the present study suggest that AG exerted a protective role against TBX-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity which may be attributed to the active metabolites in the gum.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease of metabolic dysregulation most notable glucose metabolism accompanied by long term complications. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential effect of Anti-Sca-1 + stem cells on type 1 diabetes induced in albino rats. The study was carried on 7 male and 24 female Albino rats (150 ± 5g). The female albino rats were divided into three main groups: normal control, diabetic group and diabetic rats treated by Anti-Sca-1 +. Induction of diabetic rats was carried out by single dose injection of fasting rats for 48 h with a diluted solution of 40 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate (2%) in freshly prepared saline solution. Diabetic rats treated group was slaughtered into two phases; the first phase after 15 days of treatment, and the second phase after 30 days of treatment. Tissue samples were separated and kept in absolute 10% formalin solution for histological and immunohistochemical studies. SRY gene expression and biochemical study of glucose tolerance, c-peptide, insulin, glycated hemoglobin and glucose transporter 2 was evaluated. The results showed that, treatment of diabetic rats, with derivative bone marrow (Anti-Sca-1 +) could greatly ameliorate glucose, insulin, c-peptide, HbA1c and glut2, Hafter 15 and 30 days of treatment, as compared to normal control group and these were confirmed by histological and immunological investigations, which indicate significant progress in the pancreas tissue, by marked significant increase of pancreatic islets size and improvement in the acinar cells after 30 days of treatment by Anti-Sca-1 + .
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