This study investigates the protective effect of Egyptian acacia pod extracts against overdose of paracetamol‐induced liver damage. Egyptian acacia green and brown pods were extracted by mixture of ethanol 80%: HCl (6 M) (99:1 v/v). In extracts of green and brown pods, total phenolic content in hydrolyzed ethyl acetate fraction (HEF) at pH 4, was 649.89 and 712.14 mg GAE/g while antioxidant activity was 95.55% and 97.35%, both being the highest than any fraction. HEF (pH 4) in brown pods was analyzed by HPLC, there were 22 phenolic compounds rich in ethyl vanillin about 227 mg/g and 11 flavonoids rich in catechin 48.70 mg/g. A biological experiment was conducted using HEF (pH4) in brown pods against overdose of paracetamol in albino rats induced to hepatotoxicity. Thirty rats were divided into five groups; a control group, a paracetamol group, and the other three received paracetamol plus silymarin or two doses of HEF. Animals were received paracetamol and treated with either silymarin or HEF showed reduced levels of liver (ALT, AST, and ALP) and kidney (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) markers compared with the control group as well as reduction of oxidative stress and increment antioxidant enzyme activity in liver tissue when compared with the paracetamol group. It could be concluded that both HEF and silymarin are considerably high hepatoprotector against paracetamol‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats due to their strong antioxidant activity. Practical applications Both HEF and silymarin improved liver functions and exerted strong antioxidant activities. This antioxidant activity would have a positive effect against oxidative liver damage caused by parcetamol. Thus, it may be concluded that the liver plasma membranes were protected and the regenerative and reparative capacity of liver by phenolic compound in HEF treatment. The study demonstrated the HEF hepatoprotective activity and recommends using Egyptian acacia pods for treatment of liver disorders.

The cost of breakdown of rotating machines such as centrifugal pumps encouraged the industrial sector to develop technics for early fault detection. Vibration analysis is a powerful tool to diagnose the problem. It's used for fault diagnosis and distinguishing the fault types at an early stage, where each faulty element has its exciting frequencies. This paper focus on the shafts' misalignment. This fault is one of the most common problems that can be found in pumping stations. Misalignment is the condition where the two shafts of the drive and driven machine are not on the same centerline. More vibration and excessive forces in the bearing area are generated due to the misaligned rotors. Two cases were measured on a centrifugal pump to predict the vibration signature due to shaft's misalignment. The studied system consists of one stage centrifugal pump driven by a motor with rated power 55 kW @ 2980 rpm and flexible type coupling. FFT analyzer is used to analyze the frequency spectrum of the vibration. Vibration data of the inspected pump is collected in the normal and abnormal conditions. The vibration signature of both cases is compared with ISO10816.It has been found that the shaft misalignment causes high peaks at 1X, 2X, and 3X. The amplitude of the 2X vibration is higher than that of the 1X, when misalignment is parallel and lower than 1X, when misalignment is angular. The experimental results obtained from this study gave more understanding on the effective role of vibration analysis in predicting and diagnosing machine faults.

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Centrifugal pumps are widely used in many industrial applications. Defective pumps cause higher rate of energy loss with related overall performance degradation. Mechanical components fail due to decrease in pump's strength or an increase in the force acting on it. Rolling bearings are one of the major components of the centrifugal pumps. Bearings are critical mechanical components in industrial machines. Bearing failure is often attributed to be one of the major causes of breakdown. Early detection of undesired conditions during the operation of the centrifugal pump has become very important in order to avoid consequential damages. Early detection is also vital for increasing availability and reliability. Automated health monitoring can reduce the outage time and repair costs. Using vibration analysis technique to monitor and evaluate the health of the machines has become an important technique in this field. In this research, we studied the vibration signatures of healthy and faulty conditions of the bearings of a pumping system. The pumping system consists of centrifugal pump and electrical motor. The vibration signatures analyze the bearing status with respect to the normal operation. The paper shows how to identify if there is a problem in the outer race of the Bearing Pass Frequency Outer Race (BPFO).

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Cupressus sempervirens leaves extract invitro and rat model in which paracetamol was used to induce hepatic damage. The antioxidant and anti-quorum sensing activities of eight extracts were studied. Total phenolic compounds and scavenging radical effect on 2, 2diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were investigated, (the specific phenolic and flavonoid composition quantification for hydrolyzed ethyl acetate fraction pH 4 were performed by HPLC E-vanilic, Alpha-coumaric, Salicylic and Ferulic were found as the major phenols. Narengin, Hisperidin, Quercetrin and Hispertin were found as the major flavonoids. Biological experiment was carried out for thirty days. Results revealed that a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, Total bilirubin, TG, Total cholesterol, (LDLC) and nitric oxide in rats treated with paracetamol. However administration of Cupressus sempervirens in paracetamol induced liver toxicity in rats exhibited a significant decrease in all mentioned parameters on the other hand a significant decrease in serum total protein albumin concentration, (HDLC), Catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and Glutathione reduced were observed in paracetamol induced hepatic toxicity in rats when compared with control normal group. Meanwhile Cupressus sempervirens leaves resulted in significant in all mentioned parameter and when enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue. It could be concluded that, inhibition of peroxidation, inflammation and oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant status in rat liver tissue by Cupressus sempervirens suggest the potential efficacy of Cupressus sempervirens as an addition Hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatotoxic agent in treatment of liver toxicity

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