Excess fluid is a major problem in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis must keep limiting fluid intake during the interdialysis period so that excess fluid does not occur. Consequently limiting fluid intake arises thirst and will affect fluid restriction compliance. Management of thirst that can be done in hemodialysis patients, among others, suck ice cubes, gurgling the ripe water and gurgling with mouthwash, each of which has a different action against patients thirst. The purpose of this study was to compare the three interventions "thirst management", namely sipping ice cubes, gargling ripe water and gargling with mouthwash against patient thirst. This study was an experimental study in 27 samples of CKD patients who underwent hemodialysis at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital in Semarang divided into 3 groups with each group 9 samples. The results showed that the duration of holding thirst for the group sipping on ice cubes averaged 93 minutes, the gurgling group of ripe water averaged 55 minutes and the average length of time holding the thirst group who gurgling with mouthwash was 69.71 minutes. There was no significant difference in the duration of holding thirst after sucking on ice cubes and gargling ripe water, and gargling with mouthwash (ρ value 0.061). Sipping ice cubes can fight the longest thirst compared to gargling ripe water or gargling with mouthwash. The recommendations of this study are expected to intervene to sipping ice cubes, gargling ripe water and gargling with mouthwash can be used for thirst management in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients can choose interventions to reduce the thirst that is most appropriate.
This article explains the concept of community sacredness through the results of Emile Durkheim's research on Aboriginal tribes in Australia. The research method used is descriptive analytical. The results of this study are Emile Durkheim dividing people's trust into two groups, namely the sacred and the profane. These two things are very influential in people's daily lives. Besides these two things, religion also has a function to bind people's beliefs to obey the rules that apply in the environment. So it can be concluded that the sacredness of society occurs when they believe in the supernatural power possessed by totems, so that they glorify it and regard it as something sacred and have restrictions on anyone who violates it. Instead, they loosen the profane aspect as an earthly ritual, so they may violate it and ignore it.
This study aims to describe as well as complement previous research on the terms and pillars of online sale and purchase, especially those listed in the Book of Hāsyiyah As-Shaykh Ibrāhīm Al-Bayjūri. This study uses a qualitative analysis on the practice of online shopping at the Darul Kutub Wasatiya store as reviewed by the Book of Hāsyiyah As-Shaykh Ibrāhīm Al-Bayjūri. This study uses primary data from the Book of Hāsyiyah As-Syaikh Ibrāhīm Al-Bayjūri and secondary data from the Book of Fathul Qorīb Al-Mujīb and other literacy that discusses online shopping contracts. The results of this study indicate that the practice of online sale and purchase does not conflict with Islamic law, even though methodologically there are differences in transactions, especially in fulfilling the terms of ijab and kabul.
Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang kebijakan luar negeri Iran terhadap Amerika Serikat pada masa kepemimpinan Hassan Rouhani. Terpilihnya Rouhani sebagai Presiden Iran pada tahun 2013 memberikan lanskap baru dalam konstelasi politik Iran. Sebelum era Rouhani, Iran merupakan negara yang tidak memiliki hubungan baik dengan AS, khususnya terkait kebijakan nuklir. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah deskriptif analitis. Kemudian teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah teknik dokumentasi. Adapun teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis penelitian ini ialah teori analisis kebijakan luar negeri. Teori ini digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana kebijakan luar negeri Hassan Rouhani terhadap Amerika Serikat? Setelah dilakukan penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan Iran pada masa Rouhani berfokus pada penyelamatan ekonomi dan nuklir. Kebijakan ekonomi diambil untuk menyelamatkan Iran dari sanksi ekonomi AS. Kemudian kebijakan nuklir dilakukan untuk sekuritisasi. Kebijakan nuklir yang paling fenomenal ialah kesepakatan nuklir yang terjadi pada tahun 2015 atau disebut dengan Joint Comprehensive Plan of Act (JCPOA). Kehadiran JCPOA ini memberikan sesuatu yang baru dalam konstelasi kebijakan politik Iran. Hal ini dikarenakan JCPOA telah disepakati oleh negara P5+1 yang memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan nuklir dunia. Selain itu, sanksi yang diberikan oleh AS terhadap Iran juga resmi dicabut. Dengan demikian, Iran berhasil terlepas dari tekanan ekonomi dan menjalin kesepakatan nuklir bersama dengan AS dan beberapa negara lainnya.
This article explains the cooperative relationship in the defense sector between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. Diplomatic relations between the two countries are well established. Saudi Arabia and Indonesia have a relationship with each other in carrying out their foreign policy. The method used in this research is descriptive analytical method and defense diplomacy approach as a means to elaborate the discussion. After doing research, it can be concluded that in carrying out political policies, especially foreign countries, these two countries have a cooperation program in the defense sector. This cooperation program in the defense sector is a diplomatic effort of the two countries to strengthen national security. Defense diplomacy carried out by Indonesia against Saudi Arabia includes the exchange and education of military soldiers, in the fields of technology and humanitarian missions. Diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia are the main attraction for Indonesia, considering that Indonesia has national interests with Saudi Arabia both in the defense sector and in other fields.
<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>This article describes the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia in the security sector. The diplomacy in the security sector is in the form of a bilateral agreement between the two countries in tackling terrorism. This is because terrorism is a global crime that has become the world's attention. The method used in this research is descriptive analytical method. Then the theory used is the concept of national interest. This research was conducted to answer several problems, namely what is the foundation of Indonesia's foreign policy? Then how is the diplomacy between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia in tackling transnational crimes in the form of terrorism? The results of this research are that in implementing foreign policy, Indonesia has three bases as a reference. The foundation is an ideal basis, a constitutional basis and an operational basis. In the security sector, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia have collaborated in the handling of transnational crime, namely terrorism. With the agreement established between the two countries, it is hoped that both Indonesia and Saudi Arabia can carry out efforts to prevent and fight against terrorism effectively and efficiently.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Security, Terrorism.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang hubungan diplomatik antara Indonesia dan Arab Saudi dalam bidang keamanan. Diplomasi dalam bidang keamanan ini ditandain dengan adanya kesepakatan antara dua negara dalam menanggulangi kejahatan terorisme. Hal ini dikarenakan terorisme merupakan kejahatan internasional yang menjadi atensi dunia global. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah desktiptif analitis. Adapun teori yang digunakan adalah konsep kepentingan nasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang apa yang menjadi landasan kebijakan politik luar negeri Indonesia? kemudian bagaimana diplomasi antara Indonesia dam Arab Saaudi dalam mencegah kejahatan internasional dalam bidang terorisme? Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan luar negeri, Indonesia memiliki tiga landasan sebagai acuan. Landasan kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia yaitu landasan ideal, konstitusional dan operasional. Dalam bidang keamanan, Indonesia dan Arab Saudi bekerjasama untuk menanggulangi kejahatan transnasional, khususnya terorisme dengan adanya kesepakatan yang terjalin oleh kedua negara tersebut, diharapkan baik Indonesia dan Arab Saudi bisa melakukan upaya pencegahan dan perlawanan terhadap terorisme secara efektif dan efisien.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Keamanan, Terorisme.</p><strong><br clear="all" /></strong>
Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang pandangan Joseph Schacht yang beranggapan bahwa hadis dijadikan sebagai sumber hukum Islam kedua setelah Al-Qur`an dimulai sejak masa kekhalifahan. Joseph Schacht merupakan tokoh orientalis yang mengkaji hadis dengan nalar akademis. Ia mengkritik dan membuka celah negatif tentang keotentikan hadis dengan menggunakan teori Projecting Back dan Argumentum E-Silentio. Dengan demikian, Schacht tidak mempercayai kebenaran hadis Nabi sebagaimana yang dipercayai umat Muslim. Menurutnya, hadis merupakan ucapan dan tindakan ulama pada abad kedua dan ketiga Hijriah yang digunakan untuk kepentingan pribadi. Untuk melegitimasi perkataannya, maka mereka menyandarkan hadis tersebut kepada nabi Muhammad saw., sehingga umat Islam dapat meyakininya. Dengan menggunakan library research dan metode deskriptif analitis, artikel ini juga menghadirkan contoh aplikasi dari kedua teori tersebut ke dalam suatu hadis.
This article describes the study of the main character in the story of Prophet Ibrahim a.s. which explored through Abraham Maslow's theory of humanistic psychology. The story of Prophet Ibrahim a.s. is a form of literary work that is based on the Al-Qur'an. Prophet Ibrahim a.s. as the main character in the story has a strong and not easy to complain personality, which is the key to achieving selfactualization. His personality is interesting to study with Abraham Maslow's theory of humanistic psychology. This theory is one of the psychological theories of personality which proposes five levels of human needs, from basic needs to peak needs. This research is a library research using descriptive analytical method. The results of this study indicate that the five hierarchies of needs contained in Abraham Maslow's theory of humanistic psychology are fulfilled in the personality of Prophet Ibrahim a.s, both reflected in the travel and social interactions that occurred during his lifetime. The five needs are physiological needs, security needs, compassion needs, appreciation needs and self-actualization needs.
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