Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown a significant improvement in cell performance in photovoltaics technology. The commonly used light absorbing material of halide-based perovskite in PSCs has produced high efficiency cells with low cost and a simple fabrication process. However, it contains the harmful substance of Pb, which affects the environment, and the cell still suffers from instability in the long run. Therefore, this work presents a theoretical study of the Pb-free absorber layer of
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that is paired for compatibility with various types of hole transport layers (HTLs). Several key parameters of the absorbent layer and HTL have been optimized to produce the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) using 1D-SCAPS software under AM 1.5 illumination. It was found that the combination of
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used as the HTL and absorbent layer, respectively, has resulted in great PCE as high as 27.72%. These findings prove that the use of inorganic HTLs and Pb-free perovskite layers is promising for use in PSCs.
In this paper, fabrication process of epoxy resin-barium titanate nanocomposite and measurement of its complex permittivity are presented. The material is prepared by mechanical mixing of epoxy resin and barium titanate nanopowder. The nanocomposite is intended to be used as high permittivity microstrip antenna substrate, which requires accurate measurement of its electrical characteristics. Thus, characterization of materials is done using waveguide technique, which does not require a precise machining of sample’s width and thickness, and does not utilize small reflection coefficient, which can cause error in measurement. The complex permittivity of the nanocomposite is measured in G-band (4 to 6 GHz). Then, the measured values are compared with prediction method, Lichtnecker and Maxwell-Garnet method. The results show that the measured permittivity of composite materials are in good range with prediction method, while the measurements of loss tangent show that the developed materials are low-loss and suitable to be used as substrate of antenna.
An extensive implementation using alternative energy resources such as photovoltaic and wind energy is extremely necessary to encounter an incoming energy crisis in the near future. Nonetheless, it is crucial to realize an efficient solution scheme that is able to interact with the entire system automatically so that the daily consumed power can be managed wisely, specifically in family-unit power system or also known as a Home Energy Management System (HEMS). In this paper, the numerical model that computes an optimized capacity of energy consumption based on weekly forecast has been performed in order to provide the stable energy that is insulated from the instability of weather change. An economic HEMS that is able to increase the energy consumption in normal days while maintaning minimum stable energy in bad weather conditions is proposed. The simulated system had succeeded to supply energy at least 10 Ah to the load for night consumption in most cases during the rainy days from the year 1982 to 2010 which consisted of one-third proportion from a small-capacity-sized battery pack (30 Ah).
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