Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown a significant improvement in cell performance in photovoltaics technology. The commonly used light absorbing material of halide-based perovskite in PSCs has produced high efficiency cells with low cost and a simple fabrication process. However, it contains the harmful substance of Pb, which affects the environment, and the cell still suffers from instability in the long run. Therefore, this work presents a theoretical study of the Pb-free absorber layer of C H 3 N H 3 S n I 3 that is paired for compatibility with various types of hole transport layers (HTLs). Several key parameters of the absorbent layer and HTL have been optimized to produce the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) using 1D-SCAPS software under AM 1.5 illumination. It was found that the combination of C u 2 O and C H 3 N H 3 S n I 3 used as the HTL and absorbent layer, respectively, has resulted in great PCE as high as 27.72%. These findings prove that the use of inorganic HTLs and Pb-free perovskite layers is promising for use in PSCs.
Perovskite solar cells have shown remarkable performance and improvements in terms of solar cell efficiency. The ETL material is one of the important components in perovskite solar cells in conducting electrons to produce current. Here, ZnO was used as ETL material in a perovskite solar cell using the SCAPS 1D simulation software. The ZnO ETL showed poor cell efficiency due to its reaction with the perovskite material. A small amount of Al doped into ZnO was introduced to enhance the physiochemical properties of the ZnO against perovskite materials. Al concentrations were varied between 1 and 4 mol% to observe the effect on cell efficiency. Compared with a conventional ZnO ETL solar cell with 0 mol% Al perovskite, the Al-doped based solar cell showed better performance. Meanwhile, perovskite solar cells with 1 mol% Al-doping and appropriate layer thickness showed the best cell performance in improving the charge transport mechanism, resulting in increased cell efficiency. Thus, the parameters studied can be a guide in the fabrication process.
Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) is one of the promising candidates which are efficient, low-cost, and clean hybrid molecular solar cell devices. Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been widely used as the phoanode in DSSC due to its excellent charge conduction mechanism, yet still suffers from poor cell efficiency. In this study, aluminium doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) and Ni doped ZnO (ZnO:Ni) were studied as photoanode material in DSSC using solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) simulation, and the electrolyte liquid considered a single solid p-type layer as hole transporting materials. Both studied photoanodes have demonstrated better cell performance than pure ZnO photoanode due to the small amount of aluminium (Al) and nikel (Ni) impurities added have enhanced the physiochemical properties of ZnO films. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.96% was obtained at 3 mol% ZnO:Al photoanode with optimized key parameters. These simulation results proved an opportunity to improve the performance of the DSSCs via doping engineering into the ZnO photonaode.
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