No abstract

Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting System (TPTI) is a silvicultural system of production natural forests management conducted in Indonesia. TPTI implementation has resulted in damage to the residual stands and threatened the existence of production natural forests in Indonesia. This study assessed the damage level of the -1 residual stands of commercial species due to low cutting intensity (0.77 trees ha ), calculated low damages cutting -1 distance, and determined the number of trees ha which could be harvested sustainably. Dynamic sample plots with a circular shape with a radius of 2 times the height of felled trees were used in this study, and the number of sample plots was 29 plots with an average area of 1.3 ha. In the sample plots, the tree species, total height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and number of commercial trees >10 cm dbh were measured before and after cutting. The results showed that the damage level of residual stands caused by the low cutting intensity was 2.1%, where the damages included broken stems, splitted stems, and injured stems, leaning trees, fallen trees, broken crowns and broken buttresses. The low cutting intensity had damaged 7 commercial tree species with the diameter > 10 cm. The study recommends sustainable cutting on TPTI with a distance of > 1.5 times the height of felled trees and the number of -1 -1 trees ha that may be sustainably felled is no more than 5 trees ha . AbstraSistem Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia (TPTI) tidak mengatur batasan jumlah pohon ha yang boleh ditebang, sehingga memungkinkan untuk menebang hutan dengan intensitas penebangan tinggi. Penerapan TPTI telah mengakibatkan kerusakan tegakan tinggal dan mengancam eksistensi hutan alam produksi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menilai tingkat kerusakan tegakan tinggal jenis komersial akibat penebangan intensitas rendah (0,77 -1 -1 pohon ha ), menghitung jarak tebang lestari dan menentukan jumlah pohon ha yang boleh ditebang secara lestari. Plot contoh dinamis berbentuk lingkaran dengan jari-jari sebesar 2 kali tinggi pohon yang ditebang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Jumlah plot contoh sebanyak 29 dengan luas rata-rata sebesar 1,3 ha. Pada plot contoh dilakukan pengukuran tinggi, diameter dan jumlah pohon komersial berdiameter ≥ 10 cm sebelum dan sesudah penebangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kerusakan tegakan tinggal akibat penebangan dengan intensitas rendah sebesar 2,1%, dengan tipe kerusakan berupa patah batang, pecah batang, luka batang, pohon miring, pohon roboh, rusak tajuk dan rusak banir. Penebangan pohon dengan intensitas rendah mengakibatkan 7 pohon jenis komersial berdiameter ≥ 10 cm mengalami kerusakan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan jarak tebang -1 pohon lestari pada TPTI > 45 m atau > 1,5 kali tinggi pohon yang ditebang dan jumlah pohon ha yang boleh -1 ditebang secara lestari tidak lebih dari 5 pohon ha .

Major suppliers of teak wood for the raw material of furniture industry in Indonesia are Perum Perhutani, community forests, and private forests. Community teak forest management produce roundwood or squarewood, in which squarewood is produced on the felling site by the use of chainsaw after felling and bucking activities. Utilization of teak wood from community forest has been practiced for decades, however information on the extent of utilization and the quantity of wood waste have not been published to a greater extent. The present research was intended to determine and analyze the extent of utilization and teak wood waste produced from felling and bucking, and on-site squarewood production of community forests. Quantification of wood waste from felling and bucking was based on the whole tree method, while that of squarewood production was based on the percentage of yield. It was found that the quantity of teak felling and bucking wood waste in community forest was reaching 28% of felled wood volume that consisted of branch and twig (46.15%), upper trunk (30.77%), short cut off (15.38%), and stumps (7.69%). The largest part of the wood waste of teak felling and bucking satisfied the requirement as raw material of wood working industry according to Indonesian National Standard. On-site production of squarewood increased the quantity of wood waste in the forests (in the form of slabs and sawdust).

Kayu sisa penebangan selain berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem hutan, juga berpotensi memberikan kontribusi ekonomi dan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghimpun dan menganalisis hasil-hasil penelitian terkait kuantitas, sumber dan potensi pemanfaatan kayu sisa tebangan pada pengusahaan hutan alam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan sistematis. Pencarian literatur yang sistematis dan komprehensif dilakukan di SINTA, Research Gate, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar, yang dipublikasikan dalam kurun waktu 1990-2020. Kombinasi kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian literatur adalah kayu sisa pemanenan hutan, limbah pemanenan hutan, kayu sisa penebangan hutan, limbah penebangan hutan, felling waste, felling residue,  cutting waste, cutting residue logging residue, logging waste dan forest residue.  Kayu sisa tebangan pada pengusahaan hutan alam dapat mencapai 45% dari volume kayu yang ditebang.  Sebagian besar penelitian melaporkan bahwa kayu sisa tebangan pada pengusahaan hutan alam berasal dari batang bebas cabang.  Sebagian kecil kayu sisa penebangan memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku industri perkayuan. Pemanfaatan kayu sisa tebangan secara komersial masih mengalami kendala teknis dan ekonomi.ABSTRACTLogging residues, besides playing an important role in maintaining the balance of forest ecosystems, also have potential economic and social contributions. This study aimed to collect and analyze research results related to the quantity, source, and potential use of logging residues in natural forest concessions in Indonesia. This study used a systematic review method. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted at SINTA, Research Gate, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, published between 1990 and 2020. The combination of keywords used in the literature search were timber harvesting residues, forest harvesting waste, logging residues, logging waste, felling waste, felling residue, cutting waste, cutting residue, logging waste, and forest residue. The volume of logging residues in the natural forest concessions can reach up to 45% of the volume of the felled tree. Most of the studies reported that the logging residues in the natural forest concessions came mainly from the branch-free stem. A small portion of the logging residue has potential as raw material for the timber industries. The commercial use of logging residues is still facing a technical and economical problem.

Abstract. Ahmad B, Haneda NF, Robaikah ID. 2016. Short Communication: Effects of felling intensity on Hymenoptera biodiversity in a natural production forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: xxxx. Hymenoptera is one of the major components of insect biodiversity, where its abundance and diversity contributes to the functioning of the forest ecosystem. Most of the tropical forest in Kalimantan island has been logging since 1970. Tree felling is the initial step of logging activity. This activity leads to change Hymenoptera diversity. This study analyzes the effects of felling intensity on the Hymenoptera diversity in 100 ha area in a natural production forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In this study, the diversity, evenness, and species richness index of Hymenoptera was compared before and after felling in three intensities (low, moderate, and high). Insects were collected in 9 purposively located 0.5 ha plots using a malaise trap. Three malaise traps were set in each plot The results showed that the timber felling tends to decrease the abundance of Hymenoptera. Diversity and species richness of Hymenoptera will decline in moderate and high felling intensity, whereas evenness index of Hymenoptera unchanged at three felling intensities. The composition of morphospecies of Hymenoptera was changed after tree felling with high intensity. The results of the study suggest that minimizing the felling intensity may reduce disruption of insect habitat in natural production forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.