The essential oils of the aerial parts of Jasonia candicans and J. montana were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. Of twenty-one components identified in the volatile oil of J. candicans, intermediol was the main constituent. Fifty-eight components were characterized in the essential oil of J. montana. Camphor, borneol, bornyl acetate, chrysanthemol, intermediol, and 1,8-cineole were the major constituents in this oil. The two oils showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. They also showed a marked antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a worldwide emerging crisis. Polyphenols are a class of herbal metabolites with a broad-spectrum antiviral activity. However, most polyphenols encounter limited efficacy due to their poor solubility and degradation in neutral and basic environments. Thus, the effectiveness of their pharmaceutical application is critically dependent on the delivery systems to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. Herein, Polyphenols-rich Cuphea ignea extract was prepared and its constituents were identified and quantified. Molecular docking was conducted for 15 compounds in the extract against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, among which rutin, myricetin-3- O -rhamnoside and rosmarinic acid depicted the most promising antiviral activity. Further, a self-nanoemulsifying formulation, composed of 10% oleic acid, 40% tween 20 and propylene glycol 50%, were prepared to improve the solubility of the extract components and enable its concurrent delivery permitting combined potency. Upon dilution with aqueous phases, the formulation rapidly form nanoemulsion of good stability and excellent dissolution profile in acidic pH when compared to the crude extract. It inhibited SARS-CoV-2 completely in vitro at a concentration as low as 5.87 μg/mL presenting a promising antiviral remedy for SARS-CoV-2, which may be attributed to the possible synergism between the extract components.

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Extracts of the roots of TINOSPORA CAPILLIPES Gagnep. (Menispertnaceae) afforded the quaternary protoberberine alkaloids palmatine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, stepharanine and dehydrodiscretamine and the quaternary aporphine alkaloids menisperine and magnoflorine.

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The rapid spread of bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus has become a problem to public health despite the presence of past trials devoted to controlling the infection. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the chemical composition of the extract of endophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, isolated from Albizia lucidior leaves, and investigate the antimicrobial activity of isolated metabolites and their probable mode of actions. The chemical investigation of the fungal extract via UPLC/MS/MS led to the identification of at least forty-two metabolites, as well as the isolation and complete characterization of eight reported metabolites. The antibacterial activities of isolated metabolites were assessed against S. aureus using agar disc diffusion and microplate dilution methods. Compounds ergosterol, helvolic acid and monomethyl sulochrin-4-sulphate showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 15.63, 1.95 and 3.90 µg/mL, respectively, compared to ciprofloxacin. We also report the inhibitory activity of the fungal extract on DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which led us to perform molecular docking using the three most active compounds isolated from the extract against both enzymes. These active compounds had the required structural features for S. aureus DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibition, evidenced via molecular docking.

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