Abstract. Cahyaningsih AP, Deanova AK, Pristiawati CM, Ulumuddin YI, Kusumawati L, Setyawan AD. 2022. Review: Causes and impacts of anthropogenic activities on mangrove deforestation and degradation in Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 12: 12-22. Indonesia is a country with the largest extent of mangroves in the world. However, as the human population increases, the extent and quality of the mangroves decrease. The increasing population is in line with the increase in human activities, leading to deforestation and degradation of the mangrove forests. This paper aimed to review anthropogenic activities that cause mangrove deforestation and degradation in Indonesia and the impacts of such anthropogenic activities on the mangrove ecosystems and formulate the efforts to overcome mangrove deforestation and degradation in the country. Various human activities are the primary drivers of deforestation and degradation of mangroves, including land conversion from mangrove forests into other land uses (e.g., agricultural lands, ponds, infrastructure developments, and human settlements), extractive activities (e.g., mining and logging), and household and industrial activities (e.g., plastic debris, heavy metals pollutants). These anthropogenic factors reduce mangrove forest area, changes in mangrove composition, uneven species abundance, and pollution. Combined with sea-level rise caused by global climate changes, such activities pose devastating threats to Indonesian mangroves. Efforts to overcome these problems include increasing awareness of communities regarding mangrove conservation, conducting mangrove restoration programs, and promoting sustainable management of mangrove, for example, through ecotourism. On top of that, community participation plays an essential role in Indonesia's sustainable management and conservation of mangrove forests.

Abstract. Ammar LA, Kurniawati B, Anggorowati D, Cahyaningsih AP, Setyawan AD. 2021. Ethnobotanical study of the medicinal plant used by local communities in karst area of Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 5: 84-93. Local people's trust in traditional medicine methods is still high, especially in rural areas. Most of the villagers in Tulakan Sub-district, Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia, grow their medicinal plants in their yards. However, local people's knowledge of various medicinal plant types is only conveyed orally from parents to children and community practice habits. Information about the using medicinal plants may begin to degrade from time to time. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of local communities regarding the use of medicinal plants and the plant diversity, especially in the village of karst areas. The research was conducted in Bungur Village and Tulakan Village, Tulakan Sub-district, Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using the snowball technique through open interviews and field surveys. A total of 40 respondents with 7 people of young age range 15-40 years and 33 people of old age range 41-75 years. Respondents with the most educational backgrounds are high school graduates. A total of 51 species were found, from 46 genera and 29 families, with 35 diseases being treated. Fever, cough, and external wounds are the most commonly treated diseases. The most widely used medicinal plant is Zingiber officinale Roscoe to warm the body, prevent fever, and increase immunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the villagers orally consumed ginger for post-COVID-19 positive recovery and maintained health. The most used plant parts are leaves and rhizomes by decoction and consumption orally. Based on the research results, it is known that the knowledge of the local communities and the use of medicinal plants is still quite good among the older and younger people with various types of plants.

Abstract. Cahyaningsih AP, Arifiani KN, Aprilia D, Nugroho ME, Setyawan AD. 2022. Ethnobotanical study of the non-medicinal plant by village communities in the karst area of Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 6: 1-10. The local community of Pacitan District, especially in the karst area in several villages of Tulakan Sub-district, has a yard and farm usually planted with many species of plants that have various benefits. These plants are edible, animal feed, spices, biopesticides, and plant growth hormones. However, the knowledge of the local community of Tulakan Sub-district regarding the various benefits of plants is only known from generation to generation, conveyed orally and in daily practice habits, so a study is needed to document this information. This study aims to reveal the knowledge of local communities and the diversity of non-medicinal plant species to meet communities' daily lives. The location of research was carried out in 2 villages located in Tulakan Sub-district, Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia, namely Bungur Village and Tulakan Village. Data was collected through field surveys and direct interviews using the snowball sampling technique. A total of 40 respondents were interviewed, with details 14 male and 26 female. Respondents with the majority of high school educational backgrounds have around 46-55 years old. The inventory of non-medicinal plants amounted to 60 species of angiosperm plants from 43 families. The plants used consisted of 34 species for the edible plants, 20 species for the fodder plants, 6 species for herbs, 1 species used for biopesticide, and 1 species used for natural growth hormone. Based on the study results, it is known that local people use plants as an edible plants with more diverse plant species compared to other uses.

Abstract. Sholekha AM, Yulia IT, Hanun Z, Perwitasari IG, Cahyaningsih AP, Sunarto, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Buot Jr IE, Setyawan AD. 2023. Local knowledge and the utilization of non-medicinal plants in home garden by the people of Donorejo Village in the Menoreh Karst Area, Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 645-657. Donorejo Village, in Purworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia, is one of the villages in the Menoreh Karst Mountains that uses non-medicinal plants. Donorejo villagers typically own vast plots of land that might be used for a wide range of productive purposes if planted with suitable vegetation. This study aims to investigate the knowledge of local people in the Menoreh Karst Mountain Area, Donorejo Village regarding the use of non-medicinal plants for daily life and document the use of plants by locals that can be useful to prevent delays in the transmission of local knowledge to future generations. Interviews and surveys conducted in the field using a purposive sampling strategy provided the bulk of the study's information. The age range of the 48 informants was from 25 to 91 years old, and the vast majority of them had only completed elementary school. A total of 119 species of non-medicinal plants were identified, representing 62 families and 12 different purposes, based on the results of the inventory of plants indicated by respondents and field observations. These plants were utilized as ornamental plants (48 species), food plants (44 species), cooking spices (16 species), animal feed (13 species), firewood (6 species), building materials (6 species), household items (2 species), and funeral ritual, prayer beeds, food wrapper, fence, fire starter (1 species). Based on these findings, it is clear that the residents of Donorejo Village continue to employ various non-medicinal plants in their gardens for various purposes.

Abstract. Cahyaningsih AP, Etikawati N, Yunus A. 2022. Morphological characters variation of Indonesian accession Echinacea purpurea in response to gamma-ray irradiation. Biodiversitas 23: 5351-5359. Indonesia was one of the countries that introduced E. purpurea as a medicinal plant. Accessions of E. purpurea that have been successfully cultivated in Indonesia have narrow genetic diversity, lack accession variation, and have almost uniform tillers. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different doses of gamma-ray irradiation on morphological characteristics of E. purpurea accession B2P2TOOT. The experimental design was a Randomized Block Design with three replications, and six doses of gamma-ray irradiation (0, 15 Gy, 20 Gy, 25 Gy, 40 Gy, and 60 Gy) were used. The qualitative morphological data were presented descriptively; quantitative data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by a DMRT test at a 5% level with SPSS 16.0 application. The Dice similarity algorithm analyzed the similarity index, group analysis, and dendrogram construction using the UPGMA method with the NTSYS 2.02 application. Gamma-ray irradiation treatment increased the survival rate of E. purpurea plants grown in tropical lowlands. A dose of 15-60 Gy gamma irradiation did not affect the qualitative morphology of E. purpurea roots, stems, and leaves. Irradiation at doses of 40 Gy and 60 Gy resulted in flowers with more variation in color, overall flower shape, and arrangement of ray floret. Gamma irradiation significantly affected plant height, leaf length, leaf area, flower angle, and the first day of flowering. The 40 and 60 Gy doses resulted in longer leaves with wider leaf surfaces. The dendrogram revealed that E. purpurea irradiation resulted in two main groups, with doses of 40 and 60 Gy forming their groups and increasing morphological variation by 30% compared to controls.