Various issues related to oil palm production, such as biodiversity, drought, water scarcity, and water and soil resource exploitation, have become major challenges for environmental sustainability. The water footprint method indicates that the quantity of water used by plants to produce one biomass product could become a parameter to assess the environmental sustainability for a plantation. The objective of this study is to calculate the water footprint of oil palm on a temporal scale based on root water uptake with a specific climate condition under different crop age and soil type conditions, as a means to assess environmental sustainability. The research was conducted in Pundu village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The methodology adopted in carrying out this study consisted of monitoring soil moisture, rainfall, and the water table, and estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo), root water uptake, and the oil palm water footprint. Based on the study, it was shown that the oil palm water usage in the observation area varies with different crop ages and soil types from 3.07–3.73 mm/day, with the highest contribution of oil palm water usage was in the first root zone which correlates to the root density distribution. The total water footprint values obtained were between 0.56 and 1.14 m3/kg for various plant ages and soil types. This study also found that the source of green water from rainfall on the upper oil palm root zone delivers the highest contribution to oil palm root water uptake than the blue water from groundwater on the bottom layer root zone.
ABSTRAKStudi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh kepemimpinan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia terhadap kepuasan kerja, motivasi kerja serta kinerja karyawan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan alpha 5% untuk menguji signifikansi variabel peneletian. Data diperoleh dari karyawan tetap Bank Sulselbar yang ditetapkan sebagai sampel berdasarkan teknik cluster random sampling. Total responden adalah 184 karyawan. Pengumpu lan data menggunakan kuesioner (sebagai instrumen utama), wawancara, pengamatan, dan dokumen tasi. Hasil analisis (pada tingkat signifikansi 5%) menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, 2) pengembangan sumber daya manusia berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, 3) kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja, 4) pengembangan sumber daya manusia berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja, 5) kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, 6) pengembangan sumber daya manusia berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, 7) kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja, 8) kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan 9) motivasi kerja berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.Kata kunci : kepemimpinan, pengembangan sumber daya manusia, kepuasan kerja, motivasi kerja, kinerja karyawan. PENDAHULUANPersaingan bisnis di sektor perbankan semakin tajam. Manajemen bank harus proaktif dan dapat memberi jasa yang memuaskan kepada nasabahnya agar dapat bertahan dan berkembang, caranya adalah memahami persepsi nasabah mengenai jasa bank serta menerapkannya sesuai dengan apa yang diinginkan nasabah.
Hair lice are small parasites that live by sucking blood in humans. Almost all patients consider the hair tick is a common thing, but if the hair louse is not treated immediately will cause the emergence of Relapsing Fever disease caused by infection in the scalp of the patient. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of garlic extract with concentrations of 4%, 6%, and 8% as an insecticide against hair lice. The research method used is true experimental or real experiment using sample of each group (4%, 6%, and 8%) need 10 lice hair with 3 times experiment so that require 120 samples of hair louse. Data analysis was done using One Way Anova test with result F count 806.493> F table 2.87. Then there is the difference in the time to kill a hair louse. While based on Post Hoc follow-up test obtained the probability value is <0.05 that can be said to have significant differences. The conclusion of hypothesis testing is garlic extract with concentration 4%, 6%, and 8% effectiveness as insecticide to hair louse. Suggestions that can be submitted in this study that requires further research to determine the right concentration when it will be applied to the scalp and need further research to determine the form of a good preparation for insecticides.Key words : Head Lice, Garlic, InsecticideAbstrak: Kutu rambut merupakan parasit kecil yang hidup dengan cara menghisap darah pada manusia. Hampir semua penderita menganggap kutu rambut adalah hal yang biasa, padahal apabila penderita kutu rambut tidak segera ditangani akan menyebabkan timbulnya penyakit Relapsing Fever yang disebabkan adanya infeksi pada kulit kepala penderita.Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak bawang putih dengan konsentrasi 4%, 6%,dan 8% sebagai insektisida terhadap kutu rambut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode true experimental atau eksperimen sungguhan dengan menggunakan sampel setiap kelompok (4%, 6%, dan 8%) membutuhkan 10 kutu rambut dengan 3 kali percobaan sehingga memerlukan 120 sampel kutu rambut. Analisa data dilakukan menggunakan uji One Way Anova dengan hasil F hitung 806,493 > F tabel 2,87. Maka terdapat perbedaan waktu bunuh kutu rambut. Sedangkan berdasarkan uji lanjutan Post Hoc didapatkan nilai probabilitas yaitu 0,00 < 0.05 sehingga dapat dikatakan memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan dari pengujian hipotesis tersebut adalah ekstrak bawang putih dengan konsentrasi 4%, 6%, dan 8% efektiv sebagai insektisida terhadap kutu rambut. Saran yang dapat disampaikan pada penelitian ini yaitu memerlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menentukan konsentrasi yang tepat apabila akan diaplikasikan ke kulit kepala dan perlu penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui bentuk sediaan yang baik untuk insektisida.Kata Kunci : Kutu Rambut, Bawang Putih, Insektisida
Abstract:The study focuses on the correlation of emotional Intelligence and spiritual of intelligence to effectiveness principals of leadership. For principals especially lead SMA country in Surabaya can develop and maintain Effectiveness of its leadership among others by exploiting emotional intelligence and spiritual of intelligence by together. The paper found: 1). There is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence on the effectiveness of the leadership of the head of state high school in the city of Surabaya with a correlation coefficient of 0.848 and effective contribution of 85.3%. 2). There is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence on the effectiveness of the leadership of the head of state high school in the city of Surabaya, the correlation coefficient of 1.014 and effective contribution of 82%. 3). There is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence together on the effectiveness of public SMA leadership chief in the city of Surabaya with correlation coefficients together at 0.963 and effective contribution of 92.7%.
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