The Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit) is a species of tree of the mulberry family Moraceae. The plants of Artocarpus species have been used by traditional folk medicine in Indonesia. can be useful as anti-bacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-helmintics. The present study was aimed to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Jackfruit. The antidiabetic activity were determined by inhibition of haemoglobin glycation method. Phytochemical constituent like ascorbic acid, -carotene and lycopene also determined. Antioxidant activity was measured by hydroxl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and chellating effect of ferrous iron. From the result of this study we can see the increasing of haemoglobin glycation concentration is followed by the increasing of jackfruit extracts concentration. From this study also we found the IC 50 of jackfruit exctracts is 56,43 %. The result of this study also showed that the extract of jackfruit has a phytochemical constituent with ascorbic acid is the highest, and followed by -carotene and lycopene. Jackfruit also has antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity is scavenging hydroxyl radical activity and followed by scavenging hydrogen peroxide and chellating of ferrous iron. The result of this study suggest that the jackfruit extract potential as an diabetic agent.
The development of resistance to chemical insecticides among mosquito species has been considered as a setback in vector control. Therefore, researchers have diverted their attention towards natural products of plant origin with insecticidal properties for control of insects pests and vectors. Papaya (Carica papaya), an herbaceous fruit crop belonging to the family Caricaceae, has garnered popularity among researchers due to its nutritional and pharmaceutical value. Our study aimed to determined the larvicidal effect of aqueus extracts of seed and peel of Carica papaya. The results shows that the seed and peel extracts has a larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. The seed extracts has a higher larvicidal activity than peel extracts. This migh be de due the effect of pyhtochemical constituent in extract suc as flavonoid, alkaloid and tannin. From this study indicate that the aqueuous extracts of seed and peel of Carica papaya showed potential larvicidal activity for Aedes aegypti. Further studies might be needed for the used of this extracts for eco-friendly vector control programs especially for Aedes aegypti.
Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-metalotoxic activity of the leaves extract of Stenochlaena palustris (kelakai; S. palsutris) on cadmium (Cd)-induced liver tissue damage.Methods: Liver tissue damage was induced by the administration of cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) at a dose 3 mg/l. Anti-metalotoxic effect of the extracts was determined by assessing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl compound (CC), conjugated dienes (CD), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) induced by Cd with and without the presence of the extract.Results: The results of this present studies showed that treatment with CdSO4 significantly increase the levels of MDA, CC, CD, and AOPPs. The leaves extract of S. palustris significantly decrease the levels of all measured parameter in liver tissue.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that Cd could induced the liver tissue damage, and the extract of S. palsutris showed the anti-metalotoxic activity to reduce the damage.
Galam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow) is a peat swamp forest plant. This plant is used to treat respiratory diseases, colitis, sore throat, itchy skin, diarrhea, and dizziness. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow flowers and fruit against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans bacteria. This research is a pretest-posttest research with control group design and consists of 3 stages of research. The first stage is the phytochemical screening test, the second stage determines the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the third determines the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results showed that the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow flowers and fruit contained terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, quinones, steroids, tannins, while alkaloid compounds only found in the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow fruit. The MIC and MBC values of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow flower methanol extract against E. coli were 1.67 and 2.083 mg/mL, respectively, while the MIC and MBC values of the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow flower against C. albicans were 3.125 and 25 mg/mL. The MIC and MBC values of the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow fruit against E. coli have same value were 3.334 mg/mL, while the MIC and MBC values of the methanol extract of M. cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow fruit against C. albicans were 3.125 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. Keywords: Galam antibacterial, antifungal, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans
Heart failure is an abnormality of the structure or function of the heart that causes the failure of the heart to distribute oxygen throughout the body. Beta-blockers have been shown to help prevent symptoms of heart failure, improve left ventricular remodeling, reduce the risk of hospitalization and premature death, but their use is still often underutilized and/or prescribed below the recommended dose. This study aims to determine the overview of beta-blocker administration in heart failure patients at outpatient installation RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin for February-July 2020. This research method is descriptive retrospective with data collection through patient medical records. The sampling technique is total sampling. The sample amounted to 165 patients. The results showed that there were 117 patients (70.9%) who received beta-blocker therapy with the sex was male in 90 (76.9%) patients and adult age (19-59 years) there were 81 (69.2%) patients. In this study, the type of beta-blocker given was from the selective beta-blocker group, namely bisoprolol (100%). The bisoprolol dosage used by outpatient varied, 1.25 mg (15.3%), 2.5 mg (43.5%), 5 mg (0.8%), 10 mg (2.5%), while the rest unknown (37.6%). Keywoards: heart failure, outpatients, beta-blocker Abstrak: Gagal jantung adalah abnormalitas dari struktur atau fungsi jantung yang menyebabkan kegagalan dari jantung untuk mendistribusikan oksigen ke seluruh tubuh. Obat golongan beta bloker terbukti membantu mencegah gejala gagal jantung, memperbaiki remodeling ventrikel kiri, menurunkan resiko rawat inap, dan kematian dini namun penggunaanya masih sering kurang dimanfaatkan dan/atau diresepkan di bawah dosis yang dianjurkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pemberian beta bloker pada pasien gagal jantung yang dirawat jalan di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin periode Februari – Juli 2020. Metode penelitian ini adalah descriptive retrospective dengan pengambilan data melalui rekam medik pasien. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah total sampling. Sampel berjumlah 165 pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 117 pasien (70,9%) yang mendapatkan terapi beta bloker dengan jenis kelamin pria 90 (76,9%) pasien dan usia dewasa (19-59 tahun) ada 81 (69,2%) pasien. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan jenis beta bloker yang diberikan dari golongan beta bloker selektif yakni bisoprolol (100%). Dosis bisoprolol yang digunakan pasien rawat jalan bervariasi, dosis 1,25 mg (15,3%), 2,5 mg (43,5%), 5 mg (0,8%), 10 mg (2,5%), sedangkan sisanya tidak diketahui (37,6%). Kata-kata Kunci: gagal jantung, rawat jalan, beta bloker
Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) a herbal medicine often used by natives of Kalimantan Selatan with boiling method to exctract the water from sungkai leaf and its bark. Infusion prepared and etanol extract prepared sungkai leaf contains active substans such as fenols, terpenoids-steroid, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids that own an antibacterial activity. This research aim to find out the differences in the bacterial activity of the infusion prepared and etanol exctract prepared sungkai leaf agains the growth of Staphyloccus aureus. This research methods was true experimental with post-test only group design, consist of a variety infusion prepared and etanol extract prepared consentration on 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, clindamycin 2 µg as positive control, and aquadest as negative control. The measured paramater was the diameter of the inhibitory zone. Data from this study were analyzed using parametric One-Way ANOVA test, LSD’s Post-hoc test, and independent T test with a 95% confidence level. The inhibitory zone showed in this study from infusion prepared and etanol extract sungkai leaf on concentration 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in a row 6,66 mm, 8,45 mm, 10,17 mm, 12,16 mm and 10,19 mm, 12,89 mm, 14,80 mm, 17,72 mm. Diameter of the inhibitory zone were analyzed with One-Way Anova test showed the value of p= 0,000 (p < 0,05). In conclusion, there are significant differences in antibacterial activity between infusion prepared and extract prepared sungkai leaf on equal level of concentration agains Staphyloccus aureus. Keywords: etanol extract, infusion, P. canescens Jack, S. aureus Abstrak: Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) merupakan tanaman yang sering dimanfaatkan masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan sebagai obat herbal dengan mengambil air hasil rebusan daun maupun kulit batang sungkai. Sediaan infus dan ekstrak etanol daun sungkai memiliki senyawa aktif saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid-steroid, fenolik, dan tanin yang diketahui bersifat antibakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antibakteri infus dan ekstrak etanol daun sungkai dalam menghambat S. aureus. Metode yang digunakan adalah true experimental dengan post-test only with control group design, variabel yang diuji yaitu variasi infus dan ekstrak etanol konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, kontrol postitif klindamisin 2 µg, dan kontrol negatif aquadest. Hasil data yang ditabulasi adalah diameter zona hambat. Data dianalisis dengan uji One-way ANOVA, Uji Post-hoc LSD, dan Uji T Independent dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil pemeriksaan zona hambat sediaan infus dan sediaan ekstrak etanol daun sungkai pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% berturut-turut sebesar 6,66 mm, 8,45 mm, 10,17 mm, dan 12,16 mm dan 10,19 mm, 12,89 mm, 14,80 mm, dan 17,72 mm. Didapatkan nilai dari uji One-way Anova terhadap diameter zona hambat sebesar nilai p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu terdapat perbedaan bermakna aktivitas antibakteri antara sediaan infus dengan sediaan ekstrak daun sungkai pada perlakuan konsenstrasi yang sama terhadap S. aureus. Kata-kata kunci: ekstrak etanol, infus, P. canescens Jack, S. aureus
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by impaired ventricular filling due to structural damage to the structure and function of the myocardium. At least 26 million people worldwide affected by heart failure and its prevalence is increasing. Treatment of heart failure, medical and non-medical therapy guidelines have been prepared as a guide and recommendation for doctors in providing therapy. There are various classes of drugs given in the treatment of heart failure, one of which is ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers. The use of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers from several large clinical trials is believed to improve symptoms, reduce hospitalizations, and improve quality of life in heart failure patients. The aim of this study is to describe the administration of ACE Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers to Heart Failure Patients at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin. This research is using descriptive research method. The research data is taken from the form of outpatient medical records of heart failure patients at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin for the period February-July 2020. Total sampling method is used to collecting the data for this research. From this study, it shown that the highest percentage of heart failure patients was 72.73% male and aged 19-59 years at 67.27%. Drug therapy given from 165 samples showed that the most frequently administered drug was loop diuretic drug 75.15%. The result of this study is that the administration of the ACE inhibitor group of 23.03% was the most given ramipril 89.47%. The most giving of ARB group 52.73% is candesartan 98.85%. Keywords: ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, heart failure Abstrak: Gagal jantung merupakan sindrom klinis yang dipicu oleh gangguan pengisian ventrikel karena terjadi kerusakan struktur pada stuktur dan fungsi miokardium. Gagal jantung termasuk penyakit global dengan jumlah penderita ditaksir sejumlah 26 juta orang diseluruh dunia dan prevalensinya terus meningkat. Penyembuhan gagal jantung juga telah memiliki susunan pedoman terapi medikamentosa maupun non medikamentosa sebagai rujukan dan rekomendasi bagi dokter dalam pemberian terapi. Terdapat berbagai macam golongan obat yang diberikan untuk penanganan dan pengobatan gagal jantung, satu diantaranya ialah ACE Inhibitor dan Angiotensin Receptor Blocker. Penggunaan ACE Inhibitor dan Angiotensin Receptor Blocker dari beberapa uji klinis besar diyakini dapat memperbaiki gejala, mengurangi rawat inap, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada penderita gagal jantung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pemberian ACE Inhibitor atau Angiotensin Receptor Blocker pada pasien Gagal Jantung di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode deskriptif dan data penelitian yang digunakan berupa rekam medik pasien gagal jantung rawat jalan di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin periode Februari-Juli 2020. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode total sampling. Hasil studi menunjukan persentase pasien gagal jantung yang terbanyak adalah laki-laki 72,73% dan berusia 19-59 tahun sebesar 67,27%. Dari 165 sampel menunjukan bahwa mayoritas terapi obat yang diberikan berupa pemberian obat golongan loop diuretik 75,15%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian golongan ACE inhibitor 23,03% yang paling banyak diberikan ramipril 89,47%. Pemberian golongan ARB 52,73% yang paling banyak yaitu candesartan 98.85%. Kata-kata kunci: ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, gagal jantung
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