Artykuł ma charakter empiryczny i zawiera przegląd literatury oraz wyniki badań własnych na temat zachowań konsumentów w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Celem artykułu jest diagnoza skali i kierunków zmian polskich konsumentów w zakresie nabywania, użytkowania i pozbywania się produktów. Badania przeprowadzono na kwotowo wybranej próbie 750 respondentów dobranych ze względu na wiek, płeć i wykształcenie. Badania potwierdzają światowe trendy zachowań konsumenckich w zakresie paniki zakupowej we wstępnej fazie kryzysu, ograniczenia wydatków na niektóre kategorie asortymentowe (odzież, obuwie) czy też wzrost zakupów internetowych. Pokazują też odrębność polskich konsumentów odnośnie do asortymentów nabywanych przez Internet czy też planów zakupowych w okresie po pandemii. Analiza wyników wskazuje zależności między obawami przed koronawirusem a miejscem nabywania produktów oraz skłonnością do odkładania zakupów na przyszłość.
Purpose: The main goal of the paper is to provide an overview of possible applications of the integration of methodological approaches in research projects that aim to complete and verify data. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is methodological. Critical literature analysis was used. The range of possibilities of methodological integration was based on the achievements of Creswell & Plano Clark and Harrison & Reilly. The authors' own research experience allowed outlining the ways of data integration, both in parallel procedures of data collection, where quantitative research in the positivist trend and qualitative research in the interpretative trend were conducted separately and in sequential research, where quantitative research was first carried out, then the results were interpreted and designed, and qualitative research was carried out. The embedded approach was also illustrated, where quantitative data constituted a valuable extension and confirmation of conclusions obtained in qualitative research. Findings: Methodological analysis shows that the third path allows the accumulation of broader and deeper knowledge in research projects than using a single methodological approach. Considering various ways of integrating research approaches, the authors show that the best results in completing and verifying data are achieved using a sequential approach. Practical implications: The article is a methodological guide to the application of an integrated approach in research practice in social sciences, particularly in consumer behavior. Originality/value: The third methodological path is beyond the dominant research trend in social sciences, and in the field of consumer behavior, it is a niche approach. The possible use of this approach is the original contribution of the authors. Keywords: data completion; data verification; third methodological path; mixed methods. Category of the paper: General review.
The article presents the role and place of a competitive strategy in the strategic management of a company. It also describes the basic types of competitive strategies as well as sources of gaining a competitive advantage, including both tangible and intangible resources. In an empirical part, the authors discussed the results of the studies conducted among Polish entrepreneurs exporting products to international markets. Researches related to the conditions of shaping a competitive advantage by Polish exporters on foreign markets. The high quality of products, customisation to the needs and expectations of customers, a quick and flexible response to market signals as well as -to a limited extent -the image of the country of origin proved to be the main features of achieving competitive advantage by Polish exporters.
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