Laryngeal cancer is the most common head and neck cancer. There might be many risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Smoking, especially cigarette smoking and alcohol are indisputable risk factors. The authors of this paper assessed the presumed risk factors in order to identify possible aetiological agents of the disease. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. The study group consisted of 108 histologically verified laryngeal cancer patients and 108 hospital controls matched by sex, age (±3 years) and place of residence. Laryngeal cancer patients and controls were interviewed during their hospital stay using a structured questionnaire. According to multiple logistic regression analysis six variables were independently related to laryngeal cancer: hard liquor consumption (Odd Ratio /OR/=2.93, Confidence Interval /CI/ 95 % = 1.17 to 7.31), consumption more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day (OR=4.96, CI 95 % = 2.04 to12.04), cigarette smoking for more than 40 years (OR=4.32, CI 95 % = 1.69 to 11.06), smoking more than 30 cigarettes per day (OR=4.24, CI 95 % = 1.75 to 10.27), coffee consumption more than 5 cups per day (OR=4.52, CI 95 % = 1.01 to 20.12) and carbonated beverage consumption (OR=0.38, CI 95 %= 0.16 to 0.92). The great majority of laryngeal cancers could be prevented by eliminating tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption.

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Introduction/Objective The quality of life of elderly individuals has an active function in oral health; it is of great importance to learn that elders over the age of 65 years demonstrate an increase in seeking dental services. Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) is especially suitable for use in the elderly. The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of OHIP-14 in the Montenegrin population aged 65 and over and to determine the influence of oral health on the quality of their life. Methods The research was conducted from September to December 2016 in the central region of Montenegro, at the Medical University in Podgorica and in the nursing homes of the elderly. The study covered 170 individuals, both sexes, with an average age of 72.32 ± 6.85. The research instrument is OHIP-14 index. Standard statistical tests were used. The statistical significance level is 0.05. Results The OHIP-14is linguistically and culturally adapted for the Montenegrin population. The value of the Cronbach Alpha Index is 0.892. The relationship between correlations for individual issues and total correlations ranges from 0.21 to 0.69.

Aim To analyze the trend of lung cancer mortality in Montenegro from 1990 to 2015. Methods Data on lung cancer mortality were collected from death certificates obtained from the Statistical Office of Montenegro for the period 1990-2009 and the Institute for Public Health for the period 2010-2015. Population data were obtained from the Statistical Office of Montenegro. Rates were age-standardized to the World Standard Population, and mortality trends were analyzed with the joinpoint regression. Results In 2015, lung cancer accounted for 5.44% of all deaths and 22.92% of all cancer deaths. It was the leading cause of all cancer deaths and the third-leading cause of all deaths. A joinpoint was observed in 2004 in women and in the entire population, and in 2005 in men. The overall mortality rates increased from 1990 to 2004 by an average of 3.91% per year and decreased from 2004 to 2015 by an average of 1.95%; which in the entire observed period resulted in an average increase of 1.3% per year. A particularly strong growth rate was observed in women, even 7.14% in the period from 1990 to 2004. Conclusion The observed increase in lung cancer mortality warrants improved tobacco control.

There is a significant difference between mouth and oral hygiene and sex as well as other sociodemographic characteristics of respondents. The study showed the correlation between occurrence of caries and the gingivitis and frequency of teeth brushing and dental visits.

Smoking is a burning healthcare and economy issue, especially in underdeveloped countries. The aim of this study was to determine the number of smokers among elementary school students in Montenegro and to assess the correlates of tobacco use. The study was done in 2003 using the World Health Organization Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Our data showed that children as young as ten years smoked. There were 3.6 % permanent smokers and one in three students (30.6 %) experimented with smoking. More than two thirds who smoked agreed that they should quit smoking, and three fourths tried to quit. This study has also shown that children talk too little about smoking in schools and are exposed to passive smoking at home and elsewhere. Activities to solve the elementary school smoking problem should include preventive programs to be introduced into regular school curricula because this is the only way to address the issue properly. In addition, legislation prohibiting indoor tobacco smoking should be implemented rigorously to protect children from passive smoking in public places.

Conflict of interest: none declared.Family planning is a conscious activity of reproductive age that inclines, not only to regulate the number and timing of birth, but also to have a healthy child and to fulfill all of its role throughout the life cycle. The survey included 1804 students of various generations, which is approximately 9.3% of all students of the University of Montenegro. Instrument of survey was questionnaire with 25 closed type questions. Methods used for statistical data analyses were methods of descriptive statistics and nonparametric methods to analyze significance of differences at the significance p>0.05. The study comprised 53.9% of students aged up to 20 years and 46.1% of students aged from 21 to 26 years. There is statistically significant difference among students regarding sources of knowledge on family planning by age (Chi 2 = 14.54, p<0.05). The students have got information on family planning mostly from parents (46.7%). Out of total number of interviewed students, who stated that abortion is good method of contraception, 12.8% claimed doctors as the source of information, then books, mass media and parents. The most of interviewed students find condom as the best contraceptive method. Students used to get information on family planning mostly often from their parents, and most of them consider that they are well informed. One third of students do not protect themselves from undesired pregnancy, but most of them consider abortion as non adequate method of family planning.

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