Abstract. Purwanto RH, Mulyana B, Sari PI, Hidayatullah MF, Marpaung AA, Putra ISR, Putra AD. 2021. The environmental services of Pangarengan mangrove forest in Cirebon, Indonesia: conserving biodiversity and storing carbon. Biodiversitas 22: 5609-5616. Pangarengan mangrove forest in Cirebon, Indonesia, plays a vital role in providing ecosystem services, such as conserving biodiversity and storing carbon. The area of the Pangarengan mangrove forest is relatively small, but it is home to diverse flora and fauna. Also, it can mitigate climate change by storing carbon. Unfortunately, no specific records exist on biodiversity and carbon stock in the Pangarengan mangrove forest. This study aimed to record the diversity of flora and fauna of the Pangarengan mangrove using a survey approach and to estimate its carbon stocks using a non-destructive sampling method, except for seedlings, on 78 sampling plots, distributed randomly along the banks of the Cipaluh River. The results revealed that the flora consisted of 24 species, and the fauna was composed of 12 species. The mangrove species in the Pangarengan mangrove forest was dominated by Rhizophora mucronata. The carbon stocks varied among species or the life stages of plants (seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees). The carbon stock of Avicennia marina trees was the highest (110.810 MgC/ha), and the lowest was the seedlings of the Avicennia alba (0.005 MgC/ha). Furthermore, the interpretation of the images showed that the Pangarengan mangrove forest area is 21.5 ha. The mangrove forest is located in the coastal area of the Java Sea, 2.4 km from the residential area of Pangarengan village. It is crucial to preserve the Pangarengan mangrove forest because it functions as a source of biodiversity and carbon storage.
Abstract. Purwanto RH, Mulyana B, Satria RA, Yasin EHE, Putra ISR, Putra AD. 2022. Spatial distribution of mangrove vegetation species, salinity, and mud thickness in mangrove forest in Pangarengan, Cirebon, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1384-1392. The mangrove rehabilitation programs in the northern coastline of West Java showed varying levels of success due to the lack of information on habitat suitability and species distribution. This research aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of mangrove vegetation species, salinity, and mud thickness in Pangarengan mangrove forest, Cirebon, Indonesia. Data on mangrove vegetation, salinity, and mud thickness were collected from 78 randomly distributed sample plots. Species composition was analyzed using important value index, and spatial distribution was examined using QGIS. Results revealed that Rhizophora mucronata was the most dominant and widely distributed species in all areas of Pangarengan mangrove forest with the important value index (IVI) for seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees were 178.69%, 219.71%, 242.21%, and 167.56%, respectively. Avicennia marina showed significant IVI in saplings (59.41%) and trees (105.21%). Other species had an IVI of less than 20% for each growth stage. Salinity ranged from 0-28 ppt and gradually decreased from the shoreline to settlement areas. Mud thickness ranged from 55 to 175 cm but with no regular pattern observed. In conclusion, the Pangarengan mangrove forest was dominated by R. mucronata. Our findings suggest that to enhance the likelihood of success in mangrove rehabilitation programs, R. mucronata might be a good choice, but to increase the species diversity other species might need to be planted by applying specific treatments, such as a vertical aquaponic system.
Mangrove Pangarengan yang terletak di Pesisir Kecamatan Pangenan, Kabupaten Cirebon masih terbatas informasi tentang keanekaragaman tumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman tumbuhan yang ada di kawasan hutan mangrove Pangarengan Cirebon. Penelititan ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data menggunakan metode jelajah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskripsi keanekaragaman tumbuhan (description method to species diversity). Identifikasi dan klasifikasi data berdasarkan jenis yang ditemukan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan sebanyak 24 spesies tumbuhan yang berasal dari kelas yang sama yaitu Magnoliopsida, dan terdiri atas 10 ordo, 15 Famili, dan 23 Genus. Famili yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Asteraceae yaitu sebanyak 5 spesies. Perawakan tumbuhan yang dijumpai pada penelitian ini adalah pohon, liana, perdu, dan herba. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di lapangan, tumbuhan yang mendominasi di kawasan hutan mangrove Pangarengan adalah mangrove sejati Rhizophora mucronata yang banyak tumbuh di sepanjang tepi sungai, dan Avicennia marina yang banyak ditemukan di sepanjang tepi laut
Ekosistem mangrove di Desa Pangarengan, Kabupaten Cirebon memberikan manfaat jasa lingkungan, diantaranya sebagai penjerap dan penyimpan karbon. Umumnya, pendugaan simpanan karbon hutan mangrove menggunakan persamaan alometrik. Namun demikian, persamaan alometrik yang tersedia saat ini masih disusun dari tahapan pertumbuhan pancang, tiang, dan pohon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyusun model alometrik untuk semai di hutan mangrove. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2021 di hutan mangrove Desa Pangarengan, Kabupaten Cirebon. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kaliper, pita ukur, timbangan digital, dan gunting tanaman. Bahan penelitian berupa semai mangrove jenis Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, dan Sonneratia caseolaris sebanyak 25 sampel. Model alometrik terbaik dalam menduga biomassa berat kering dengan prediktor diameter pangkal adalah Y = 35,013 Dp1,860 (R2 adj = 0,873; SEE = 0,472) dengan menggunakan prediktor diameter ujung adalah Y = 249,573 Du2,276 (R2 adj = 0,524; SEE = 0,710), sedangkan alometrik penduga kandungan karbon semai adalah Y = 5,835 Dp1,804 (R2 adj = 0,831; SEE = 0,528) dan Y = 35,750 Du2,107 (R2 adj = 0,607; SEE = 0,805). Model alometrik power dengan prediktor diameter pangkal cukup baik dalam menduga biomassa berat kering dan kandungan karbon semai di hutan mangrove Desa Pangarengan. Kata kunci: akuntansi karbon, mitigasi, iklim, regresi
In power plant industries, boiler feed water (BFW) quality becomes the main parameter for steam generation, which is used for electricity production. To generate standard BFW for power plants, each impurity within water resources should be removed to prevent corrosion and scale deposition by several processes such as sedimentation, coagulation, polishing, and deaeration. Operation conditions that involved high temperature would trigger corrosion as a crucial factor in the maintenance and practical lifetime of the equipment. In the beginning of the operation, PT. Cirebon Electric Power (CEP) used All Volatile Treatment–Reduction (AVT-R) by injection of both ammonia and hydrazine. In order to optimize the operation, the BFW treatment was changed to All Volatile Treatment–Oxidation (AVT-O) that only uses of ammonia and deaerator for removing the dissolved gas. Based on the actual evaluation, AVT technology showed less performance related to corrosion prevention and high chemical consumption. Therefore, PT. CEP tried to implement modification in the BFW treatment, which is AVT technology to Oxygenated Treatment (OT). This paper is to evaluate the effect of those modifications on corrosion prevention and resource-energy saving. The modification into OT showed valuable results that decrease concentration of dissolved Fe from 1 ppb to 0.1 ppb in the deaerator outlet stream. This data reveals that good corrosion prevention can be achieved through the creation of passive layers, hematite Fe2O3. Oxygen injection into the water circulation system yielded an oxidation atmosphere so that the passive layer, Fe2O3, was formed. In addition to corrosion prevention, this modification also cut the amount of ammonia injection into the system from 2 ppm to 0.12 ppm. Reduction of that ammonia injection provides other benefits such as decreasing the volume of resin regeneration, which becomes only twice a month. This situation also created other benefits such as reducing the regeneration water, chemicals, and wastewater. Thus, the modification could establish the electricity production by PT. CEP more environmentally friendly and sustainable.A B S T R A KPada operasi PLTU, kualitas boiler feed water (BFW) menjadi parameter yang krusial untuk menghasilkan steam yang akan digunakan untuk memproduksi listrik. Untuk mendapatkan BFW sesuai dengan standar yang ada, maka pengotor di dalam air baku industri harus dihilangkan karena dapat menyebabkan korosi dan pembentukan kerak, baik pada pipa maupun peralatan. Kondisi operasi yang melibatkan steam pada suhu tinggi menyebabkan korosi menjadi masalah yang krusial terutama terkait dengan maintenance dan umur efektif pabrik. Pada awal berdirinya, PT. Cirebon Electric Power (CEP) menggunakan teknologi All Volatile Treatment–Reduction (AVT-R) dengan injeksi amonia dan hidrazin. Selanjutnya, dilakukan optimasi melalui perubahan proses menjadi All Volatile Treatment–Oxidation (AVT-O) dengan hanya menginjeksikan amonia dan mengoptimalkan fungsi deaerator untuk menghilangkan pengotor dissolved gas. Berdasarkan data lapangan, teknologi AVT yang digunakan kurang memberikan pencegahan korosi yang baik dan juga jumlah bahan kimia yang digunakan masih relatif banyak. Agar lebih ramah lingkungan dan handal, PT. CEP berusaha untuk melakukan modifikasi terhadap pengolahan boiler feed water (BFW) dari yang semula menggunakan teknologi AVT-O menjadi Oxygenated Treatment (OT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak modifikasi sistem AVT menjadi OT pada pencegahan korosi dan juga penghematan sumber daya. Modifikasi sistem AVT-O menjadi OT berhasil menurunkan konsentrasi dissolved Fe dari 1 ppb menjadi 0,1 ppb pada BFW. Hal ini menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan pencegahan korosi melalui pembentukan double protective layer yang merupakan kombinasi magnetite (Fe3O4) dan hematite (Fe2O3). Injeksi oksigen ke dalam sistem mengubah kondisi air menjadi suasana oksidasi sehingga mampu mengubah dan membentuk lapisan baru sebagai pencegahan korosi. Selain pencegahan korosi, modifikasi ini juga berhasil menurunkan jumlah injeksi amonia dari 2 ppm menjadi 0,12 ppm dalam siklus air yang ada. Penurunan jumlah injeksi amonia ini akan memberikan keuntungan beruntun berupa berkurangnya frekuensi regenerasi resin dari semula 8 menjadi 2 kali perbulan. Kondisi ini akan menghasilkan penghematan sumber daya berupa kebutuhan air untuk regenerasi, bahan kimia amonia, dan beban pencemaran. Oleh karena itu, modifikasi ini telah membuat proses produksi listrik di PT. CEP lebih ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: All Volatile Treatment (AVT); efisiensi energi; korosi boiler; Oxygenated Treatment (OT)
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