Introduction: Dengue is a major public health concern in our country. The alarming thing is that the seasonal trend of dengue infection is changing with time in Bangladesh due to climate change and unplanned urbanization. Our study was conducted to determine the frequency of dengue virus infection among the febrile patients in 2018 at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and to observe the seasonal trend. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 899 febrile patients attended in DMCH from January to December, 2018. Whole blood samples were collected and sera were tested for dengue NS1 antigen and anti-dengue IgM antibodies using commercial test kits (NS1 by OMC Healthcare (Pvt.) Ltd & IgM antibody by Omega Diagnostics Ltd.), respectively. All negative dengue cases were tested for anti Chikungunya antibody to exclude chikungunya. Results: Of the total 899 febrile patients, 350(38.93%) were positive for Dengue infection. Out of them 264(75.43%) were positive for NS1, 82 (23.43%) were positive for IgM and 4 (1.14%) were positive for dengue NS1antigen + anti dengue IgM antibody. More than 50% patients belonged to age group 15-29 years. Males were predominant. More than 60% cases were detected in the post monsoon season. Conclusion: Highest dengue cases were detected in this year in comparison to the previous year’s probably due to re-emergence of DEN-3 serotype. Due to pattern of climate change, seasonal trend of dengue infection was not maintained. Moreover, unplanned urbanization and poor solid waste management have worsened the situation more. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 105-111

Introduction: Dengue is now established as one of the most important Arboviral infection in tropical countries. As the epidemic continues worldwide, this Aedes mosquito-transmitted pathogen is considered a major re-emerging tropical disease and significant public health concern. The study was conducted to determine the sero-epidemiology and clinical picture of dengue virus infection among the clinically suspected patients attended in Dhaka Medical College Hospital during January to December 2016.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 145 clinically suspected Dengue patients attended in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January to December 2016 who had fever with temperature >39°C. Blood sample was collected during acute febrile phase of patients and separated sera were tested for NS1 dengue antigen and IgM antibodies using commercial test kits (NS1 by OMC Healthcare (Pvt.) Ltd & IgM antibody by Omega Diagnostics Ltd.).Results: Of the total 145 patients 40 (27.6%) were positive for Dengue NS1 antigen and or IgM antibody test. Of the positive 40 patients, 18 (45%) were positive for NS1, 19 (47.5%) were positive for IgM and 3 (7.5%) were positive for both NS1 and IgM antibody. Major clinical manifestations were fever with arthralgia (79.5%) and retro-orbital pain (50%).Conclusion: Outbreak of Dengue fever is continuing every year and typical presentation of Dengue fever has changed. Arthralgia and retro orbital pain was the most common clinical feature in the present study instead of headache and rash with fever. A large number of suspected dengue cases were negative by Dengue tests for antigen NS1 and IgM antibody which suggests other organisms of similar clinical manifestations are becoming prevalent in Dhaka city.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 111-116

Background: Dengue is an endemic disease for Bangladesh with occasional outbreak. Little is known about the predictors of severe dengue. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the medicine department of Dhaka Medical College from April 2019 to March 2020. Total 199 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. For the purpose of the analysis, dengue fever was classified as group I and dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome was classified as group II. Results: The mean (SD) age of the study population was 28.5(12.1) and 87.4% were less than 40 years of age. The male and female ratio was about 3:1. Among the total study population, 149(74.9%) patients had DF, 46 (23.1%) had DHF and only 4 (2%) had DSS on presentation. Baseline demography and clinical presentation did not significantly differ between classical dengue and severe dengue. Previous history of dengue had low association with severity (RR, 95%CI, phi, P value; 1.2, 1.04-1.40, 0.25, 0.001).Most of the laboratory parameters were similar between the groups. The number of platelet count was significantly lower in DHF and DSS [median (IQR) 43500(16500-95250], than DF [median (IQR) 65000(33000-1170000, p-value 0.01] Conclusion: Previous infection with dengue virus and decreasing platelet count are the predictors of the severe dengue. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 29, No.1, April, 2020, Page 77-82

As COVID-19 cases were in rise all over the world and the World Health Organization declared a pandemic, there was an increasing focus on availability of new vaccines and drugs against the virus. Meanwhile, we already have several vaccines in COVID-19 vaccination programmes across the globe. During the process of development and clinical trials of the vaccines, several questions were popped up by multiple stakeholders about child vaccination against COVID-19. Most of the queries focused on safety of COVID-19 vaccines, the clinical trial process, priority criteria of getting a vaccine, why and why not children be included in the vaccination programme. In adult population of the country, COVID-19 vaccination programme is being carried out in an unequalled state; the focus is now on paeditric population, as some countries have already started to vaccinate children. At the time of writing this paper when Government of Bangladesh has not yet decided to vaccinate children in the country but initiatives has been taken by health department for above 12 years children vaccination. However, this paper aims to discuss potential ethical dilemmas related to COVID-19 vaccination in children especially in low-resource settings and dig into effective strategies to implement COVID-19 vaccination programme properly in the field of public health. Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 50(3): 44-48

This review paper aims to provide an understanding on current concepts of ‘One Health’ approach in the field of public health with a special focus on infectious diseases and prevention of antimicrobial resistance. 'One Health' is an approach to designing and implementing programmes, policies, legislation, and research in which multiple sectors communicate and work together to achieve better public health outcomes. The scope of ‘One Health’ includes zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety and security, vector-borne diseases that come from insect bites or animals, environmental contamination, and other health threats shared by people, animals, and the environment. The World Health Organization (WHO) is working closely with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) to promote multi-sectoral responses to food safety hazards, risks from zoonoses, and other public health threats at the human-animal-ecosystem interface and provide guidance on how to reduce those risks for a better living in our planet Earth. Our medical education curriculum should also offer a first exposure to both the concepts of ‘One Health’ and the collaborative processes required to manage issues associated with human, animal, and environmental health. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2022;16(1):25-30