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Background: Oral cancer is highly aggressive due to difficult diagnosis, therapy resistance and increasing frequency; thus finding prevention therapies is very important. Aim: This study evaluates the use of gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs), phyto-synthesized with Cornus mas extract against oral dysplastic lesions. Methods: NPs were characterized by UV–Vis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and laser Doppler microelectrophoresis. Biological testing employed two human oral cell lines: gingival fibroblasts and dysplastic keratinocytes and evaluated viability, cell death mechanisms and cellular uptake. Results: NPs induced selective toxic effects against dysplastic cells. p53/BAX/BCL2 activation and PI3K/AKT inhibition led to cell death through necrosis and apoptosis. NPs also induced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: NPs of gold and silver showed promising beneficial effects in the therapy of oral dysplasia.

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This work reports the preparation of water-soluble leucine capped gold nanoparticles by two single-step synthesis methods. The first procedure involves a citrate reduction approach where the citrate is used as reducing agent and leucine as capping/stabilizing agent. Different sizes of gold nanoparticles, citrate reduced and stabilized by leucine, Leu-AuNPs-C, with the mean diameters in the range of 21-56 nm, were obtained by varying the macroscopic parameters such as: concentration of the gold precursor solution, Au (III):citrate molar ratio and leucine pH. In the second procedure, leucine acts both as reducing and stabilizing agent, allowing us to obtain spherical gold nanoparticles, Leu-AuNPs, with a majority of 80 % (with the mean diameter of 63 nm). This proves that leucine is an appropriate reductant for the formation of water-soluble and stable gold nanoparticles colloids. The characterization of the leucine coated gold nanoparticles was carried out by TEM, UV-Vis and FT-IR analysis. The cytotoxic effect of Leu-AuNPs-C and Leu-AuNPs was also evaluated.

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