Paraquat (PQ) is one of the most widely employed herbicides that is used worldwide and it causes severe toxic effects in humans and animals. A PQ exposition can lead to pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and the mechanisms seem to be linked to oxidative stress, although other pathways have been suggested. Antioxidants can be useful as a therapy, although interventions with this kind of system are still controversial. Hence, this study has investigated the role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) post-treatment on PQ-induced PF in male C57/BL6 mice. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single PQ injection (10mg/kg; i.p.). The control group received a PQ vehicle. Seven days after the PQ or vehicle injections, the mice received vitamin C (150 mg/kg, ip, once a day) or the vehicle, over the following 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the last dose of vitamin C or the vehicle, the mice were euthanized and their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and their lungs were collected. The data obtained showed that vitamin C reduced the cellular recruitment, the secretion of IL-17 –a cytokine involved in neutrophils migration, TGF-β–a pro-fibrotic mediator and the collagen deposition. Moreover, vitamin C elevated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels, both antioxidant enzymes, but it did not alter the tracheal contractile response that was evoked by methacholine. Therefore, the researchers have highlighted the mechanisms of vitamin C as being non-invasive and have suggested it as a promising tool to treat lung fibrosis when it is induced by a PQ intoxication.
O uso terapêutico do LASER de Baixa Intensidade (LBI) em algumas patologias e sua relação com a atuação na FonoaudiologiaThe therapeutic use of low intensity laser (LLLT) in some diseases and its relation to the performance in speech therapy El uso terapéutico de LÁSER de Baja Intensidad (LBI) en algunas patologías y su relación con la actuación en FonoaudiologíaCristiane Faccio Gomes * Adriana Schapochnik ** ResumoO uso da luz LASER Terapêutico de Baixa Intensidade (LBI) ou Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), é multidisciplinar, sendo este utilizado por vários profissionais: médicos, dentistas, fisioterapeutas, enfermeiros, físicos, biólogos, engenheiros, etc. A Fonoaudiologia começa a despertar o interesse em integrar esse grupo de profissionais, sendo um recurso totalmente terapêutico, não invasivo, sem efeitos tóxicos e colaterais que agrega no trabalho terapêutico e estabelece um prognóstico excelente de reabilitação. Por esse motivo, objetivou-se coletar alguns artigos científicos que abordam os fundamentos físicos e bioquímicos da interação da luz do LASER com o tecido biológico vivo e sua aplicabilidade terapêutica nas especialidades da saúde onde encontramos também a atuação da Fonoaudiologia. Para isso foram selecionadas algumas patologias relacionando-as ao uso do LBI: disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), paralisia facial, disfagias por disfunção motora, cicatrização tecidual incluindo as fissuras mamilares, principal responsável pelo abandono do aleitamento materno. No escopo das patologias, será descrita a ação do LASER e seu efeito biomodulador nos processos: inflamatórios, álgicos, cicatriciais, AbstractThe use of Laser Therapy of Low Intensity (LBI) or Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), is multidisciplinary, and is used by many professionals: doctors, dentists, physiotherapists, nurses, physicists, biologists, engineers, etc. The Speech Therapy begins to awaken the interest in joining this group of professionals, with a totally therapeutic use, non-invasive, no toxic side effects that adds to the therapeutic work and establishes an excellent rehabilitation prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to collect some research papers that address the physical and biochemical fundamentals of laser light interaction with the living biological tissue and its therapeutic applicability in health specialties where we also find the work of Speech Therapy. For this, we selected some pathology relating the use of LLLT: temporomandibular disorders (TMD), facial palsy, dysphagia by motor dysfunction, tissue healing including the mammillary fissures responsible for abandonment of breastfeeding. In the scope of the conditions, the action of the LASER will be described and its effect on biomodulator processes: inflammatory, nociceptive, scarring, edematous, nerve and muscle repair. We conclude that LLLT is a technological breakthrough and an important tool in different fields, meaning a major evolution in health procedures, even in speech therapy. It is essential to note that the articles present lack of standardization in dosimetry ...
Uma das inovações tecnológicas que têm beneficiado as áreas da saúde é a Biofotônica. Constitui-se no emprego de diferentes fontes de luz para diagnosticar, tratar e preservar sistemas biológicos. Dependendo do mecanismo de interação da luz, com determinado tecido, sob certos parâmetros, diversas reações resultarão em diferentes possibilidades terapêuticas. Muito já evoluímos nessa modalidade, entretanto, a ciência, arte da curiosidade e conhecimento em descobrir, desenvolver e aplicar, pode ainda contribuir para que acadêmicos, pesquisadores e clínicos possam desfrutar das facilidades que a Luz proporciona ao bem-estar e saúde buscados pelos nossos pacientes. Esse capítulo disserta sobre onde estamos na Biofotônica. Trazemos uma síntese atualizada com aplicações mais atuais, empregando sistemas únicos ou híbridos de lasers e/ou LEDs (diodos emissores de luz), para as especialidades mais atuantes e preocupadas em levar ao paciente protocolos mais eficientes.
Intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) was developed to treat cardiovascular diseases due to its rheological effects. In its original form, ILIB was applied by an intravenous optical fiber, restricting its application. However, this technique was modified to non-invasive irradiation through the radial artery, now called vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM). Many studies have used both, ILIB and VPBM, to treat lung diseases. It is well established that lung diseases affect more than 300 million people worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates. In this short critical review, we discuss the potential benefits of photobiomodulation to treat lung diseases using these two approaches. The search was performed in the electronic database of MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) via PubMed. The data search was carried out from 1991 to 2017. We selected a total of 10 clinical studies using either ILIB or VPBM, in addition to 2 experimental studies in animals. The respiratory diseases treated in these studies included bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, and tuberculosis. The results showed overall beneficial effects on lung diseases, characterized by a reduction in the inflammatory cascade and antioxidant effects, improvement of hemodynamic parameters, the efficiency of gas exchange, and reduction of hospitalization periods. In conclusion, all studies showed promising effects of ILIB in both animal and human studies. The studies did not discuss any disadvantages or contraindications. However, further studies are needed in order to understand the dosimetry, and the literature is lacking in randomized, controlled clinical trials. Thus, this review highlights the need for additional studies using this approach.
O método de Fotobiomodulação Vascular (FBMV), caracterizada como uma terapia com efeitos sistêmicos, é uma importante suges¬tão para integrar os procedimentos das Práticas Integrativas e Com¬plementares por profissionais capacitados e habilitados. A FBMV, ferramenta que entrega fótons de maneira indolor e não invasiva em uma artéria, possui efeitos biomoduladores no organismo, e tem sido identificado como uma ferramenta importante em diferentes tratamentos para controle da dor e doenças crônicas em diversas áreas da saúde com aparelho de LASER de baixa intensidade, portanto tera-pêutico. A técnica teve como precursora a Intravascular LASER Irradiation of Blood, conhecida pelo acrômio ILIB, caracterizada como invasiva. A FBMV, por sua vez, progrediu e tornou-se não invasiva (aplicada sobre a pele em uma artéria), com os mesmos efeitos sistêmicos da técnica original (ILIB). Além disso, agregada aos tratamentos convencionais, pode ser aplicada concomitante com outros recursos nas mais diversas doenças inflamatórias e crônicas. Atualmente, há necessidade de intervenções com evidências científicas, não invasivas, sem efeitos colaterais e poucas contraindicações para atender a população de forma simples e ágil e a FBMV atende esses requisitos dentro da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC).
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