A utilização e valorização de resíduos orgânicos como fonte primária de nutrientes, pode contribuir para a redução da dependência de insumos, além de uma destinação sustentável para esses materiais. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de resíduos orgânicos como substrato no crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Schizolobium amazonicum. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido com 50% de sombra, na Universidade Federal do Piauí, município de Bom Jesus. Foram avaliados três resíduos orgânicos (composto orgânico, resíduo agroindustrial da extração da cera de carnaúba e moinha de carvão vegetal) e cinco proporções de resíduos e solo (0:100; 20:80; 40:60; 60:40; 80:20 v/v), dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x5, com seis repetições. Aos 52 dias após a semeadura, as mudas foram coletadas para determinação das variáveis morfológicas, suas relações e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Houve interação entre os resíduos orgânicos e suas proporções para as variáveis: altura, diâmetro do coleto, relação altura e diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca total e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Como resultado a bagana de carnaúba e o composto orgânico foram os substratos que proporcionaram o maior crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Schizolobium amazonicum. Com base na massa seca total, variável de maior explicabilidade pela análise dos componentes principais (ACP), as proporções mais adequadas foram 80:20 (composto:solo) e 53:47 (bagana:solo), visando a produção de mudas de paricá.

Diante da geração acentuada de resíduos orgânicos sólidos e efluentes, a utilização desses materiais como fonte primária de nutrientes consiste em uma importante prática de gestão ambiental, sobretudo na produção de mudas com ênfase à recuperação de áreas degradadas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o crescimento e o balanço nutricional de mudas de tamboril (Enterolobium contortsiliquum (Vell.) Morong) cultivadas em substratos com diferentes formulações e proporções de resíduos orgânicos irrigados com água residuária. Foram testados cinco proporções de composto orgânico e solo: 0:100; 20:80; 40:60; 60:40 e 80:20 v/v, e duas qualidades de água de irrigação: água de abastecimento e água residuária de suinocultura, dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Aos 90 dias, foram avaliadas as variáveis morfológicas, índices do sistema integrado de diagnose e recomendação e do balanço nutricional médio das mudas. Constatou-se que o resíduo orgânico contribui para o crescimento e o equilíbrio nutricional das mudas. A proporção 80:20 mostrou-se a mais indicada à produção de mudas de tamboril. O crescimento e balanço nutricional das mudas foram inferiores nos tratamentos que receberam irrigação com água residuária de suinocultura.Growth and nutrient balance of Enterolobium contortsiliquum seedlings with addition of organic substrates and wastewaterGiven the strong generation of solid organic waste and wastewater, the use of these materials as a primary source of nutrients is an important practice in environmental management, especially in the production of seedlings with emphasis on degraded areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and nutrient balance of “tamboril” (Enterolobium contortsiliquum (Vell.) Morong) seedlings grown on substrates with different formulations proportions of organic matter irrigated with wastewater. It was tested five ratios of organic composts and soil: 0:100; 20:80; 40:60; 60:40 and 80:20 v/v. Two procedences of irrigation water was tested: water supply and wastewater from swine farming, arranged in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 5 x 2, with four replications. At 90 days, we evaluate seedlings morphological variables, the integrate diagnosis recommendation index and the nutrient balance index. The organic residue contributes to seedlings growth and nutritional balance. The proportion 80:20 proved to be the most suitable for “tamboril” seedlings production. Seedlings presented lower growth and nutritional balance when irrigate with swine farm wastewater.Index terms: “Bagana de carnaúba”; Bed aviary; Swine wastewater

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Carbon and nitrogen from the soil microbial biomass play a significant role in the rotation of C and N, and promote nutrient cycling. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the soil microbial biomass with growing doses of cover plant straw species. The cover plants cultivated in the cerrado biome region were incorporated an Oxisol Ustox. The straw of each cover plant was incorporated at doses of 0; 10; 20 and 30 Mg ha-1. The soil basal respiration was determined by incubating, after 21 days. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were determined by the method the microwave irradiation. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in extracts were determined by the wet combustion method and Kjeldahl-N. The metabolic quotient was calculated as the ratio between soil basal respiration rate and microbial biomass C, and the microbial quotient as the ratio between soil microbial biomass C and total carbon of soil. The soil microbial population measured by the attributes of quality responds to the addition of the of grass and legume straws incorporated to the soil; The treatments that cause the greatest stress to the microbial population, at 21 days, mediated by the metabolic quotient, are guandu-anão at a dose of 10 Mg ha-1; Guandu-anão and Guandu fava-larga at 20 Mg ha-1 and Brachiária at a dose of 30 Mg ha-1; The best result regarding microbial attributes of soil quality evaluated was observed with the incorporation of all doses of the straw of Crotalaria-ocroleuca.

In recent decades, projections involving population growth, changes in consumption paterns, modiications of the wastes produced, and a signiicant increase in resource extraction have caused concern in the scientiic world, in treatment companies, and in environmental and governmental agencies throughout the world, regarding the destination of the large volume of solid wastes generated, the relatively high contents of potentially toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic substances and pathogenic microorganisms. Waste management has become very important to ensure elementary resources such as water, phosphorus, and food in the future. The recycling policy thus requires that wastes be classiied in terms of their appropriateness for new uses and also based on their origins and hazardousness of handling. These classiications are essential in order to allow a minimum of rationality in their new destinations. Currently, several studies have been performed to use solid wastes from human activities as soil conditioners and/or fertilizers for increasing crop productivity. Therefore, studies that monitor organic waste efects on agricultural soils deserve the atention of the international scientiic community, as it enables increases in the productivity of agricultural crops, iber, and biomass energy combined to reduce risks to human, plant, and animal health and environment.

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HIGHLIGHTS Copaiba seedlings show better growth response on substrate with carnauba residue. Higher volume of in natura or carbonized rice husks and goat manure such as seedlings. The classes of soils Gleissolo and Latossolo are more indicated in the formulation of the substrate. The mix of organic residues and soil classes increase the amounts of P, K, Ca and Mg in the aerial part.

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