HIGHLIGHTS Copaiba seedlings show better growth response on substrate with carnauba residue. Higher volume of in natura or carbonized rice husks and goat manure such as seedlings. The classes of soils Gleissolo and Latossolo are more indicated in the formulation of the substrate. The mix of organic residues and soil classes increase the amounts of P, K, Ca and Mg in the aerial part.
RESUMO:A utilização de sementes de boa qualidade sanitária no plantio é um fator de fundamental importância para o estabelecimento da lavoura, uma vez que a sementes pode servir como fonte de inoculo. IMPLICATIONS OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SEEDS OF SOYBEAN VARIETY BRS VALUABLE RRABSTRACT: The use of good quality seeds to plant health is a factor of considerable importance for the establishment of the crop, since the seed is directly associated with the transmission of pathogens in culture. The present work is aimed to identify the fungi associated with seeds of transgenic soybean variety BRS Valuable RR. Health Analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of Phytopathology, Centre for Advanced Studies at the University of Imperatriz, Maranhão State, using the "blotter test" in accordance with the Rules for Seed Testing, Ministry of Agriculture. The seeds were incubated in photoperiod for seven days, with an incidence of whitefluorescent light at an interval of 12 hours light and 12 hours of darkness at a temperature of approximately 26 ± 5 0C for seven days. After this period the seedswere examined individually under a stereomicroscope and optical and results were expressed as a percentage incidence of fungi. We identified five genera of fungi: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rizopus sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium emitectum, Penicillium sp. This may affect the development of seedlings in the field.
<p>A preocupação com a agricultura orgânica como agricultura alternativa está ganhando espaço, em termos econômicos e de saúde pública. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos dos ácidos húmicos e fúlvicos associados à fertilização mineral na qualidade nutricional da alface (<em>Lactuca sativa</em> L.) em relação ao teor de minerais. O ácido húmico e fúlvico foram extraídos do esterco bovino, determinados o teor de carbono e aplicados aos 5, 15 e 25 dias, após o transplante com 10 tratamentos. O solo utilizado no experimento possui forte acidez com alto teor de areia; maior predisposição para a lixiviação de nitrogênio e potássio e baixa capacidade de retenção de água, sendo a saturação um indicador básico eutrófico e do solo abaixo da base de saturação necessária para o cultivo de alface, equivalente a 80%. Não há necessidade de dosagem de calagem de 0,28 t/ha, o que equivale a 0,143 g/3kg de solo. O teor de carbono na fração é considerado alto, mas já é esperado devido à estrutura molecular e outros estudos relacionados já mostram que em uma grande quantidade percentual de carbono nas frações de ácido húmico e ácidos fúlvicos extraídos do esterco. Em relação ao tratamento com peso fresco, somente solo e NPK destacaram-se dos demais, apresentando a maior média, com teste de Tukey significativo, com significância de 5%. A partir da análise dos minerais, verificou-se a presença de Ca<sup>+2</sup>, Mg<sup>+2</sup>, Fe<sup>+2</sup> e P em todos os tratamentos aplicados. No entanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos.</p>
The association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be used to bioremediate areas contaminated by metals. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the lead (Pb2+) phytoaccumulation capacity, morpho-physiology and nutrition responses of Vernonia polyanthes exposed to a solution amended with concentrations of lead nitrate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The treatments consisted of increasing doses of Pb2+ as lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2], two strains of AMF and an absolute control without lead and AMF. Lead negatively affected some morphophysiological variables, reduced 27.3, 25.63, 30.60, and 56.60% shoot length, root collar diameter, number of leaves and leaf area, respectively, besides reducing decreasing chlorophyll a. Lead accumulated in the shoot and roots, the latter at the highest concentrations. However, the translocation factor was above 1, indicating low efficiency. The bioaccumulation factor referring to the roots were above 1. The fungi colonization rate was low, 3.31% for Gigaspora margarita and 2.33% for Acaulospora morrowiae. However, the absorption of lead increased, reflecting in lower values of chlorophyll a, dry mass of root and diameter. Results indicated that the arboreal species V. polyanthes tolerate high concentrations of lead and can accumulate significant amounts in the roots. AMF increase the accumulation of lead in the shoot and can be used in projects aimed at the phytoextraction of metals.
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