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The study examined the antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the sesquiterpene (-)-α-bisabolol (BISA). The antiinflammatory effect was evaluated on acute models of dermatitis induced by Croton oil, arachidonic acid, phenol and capsaicin, respectively, in mouse ear. BISA inhibited the dermatitis induced by all noxious agents, except capsaicin. BISA was assessed in two established mouse models of visceral nociception. Mice were pretreated orally with BISA, and the pain-related behavioral responses to intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide or to intracolonic mustard oil were analyzed. BISA showed a dose-unrelated significant antinociception. Collectively, the results suggest that BISA may be an topical antiinflammatory and visceral antinociceptive agent.

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Resumo: Neste trabalho, os efeitos de diferentes condições de tempo e temperatura usados para a preparação de whiskers de sisal foram investigados com o objetivo de se determinar a influência destes parâmetros experimentais na morfologia, cristalinidade e estabilidade térmica dos materiais preparados. A obtenção dos whiskers deu-se após o pré-branqueamento da fibra de sisal com solução alcalina de peróxido de hidrogênio. A fibra branqueada foi submetida ao processo de hidrólise com solução de ácido sulfúrico 60% (m/m) sob três diferentes condições de temperatura e tempos de extração: 45 °C e 60 minutos (WS 45_60 ); 45 °C e 75 minutos (WS 45_75 ) e 60 °C e 30 minutos (WS 60_30 ). Os whiskers foram caracterizados quanto à morfologia por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), quanto à cristalinidade (DRX), carga superficial (potencial zeta) , teor de enxofre (análise elementar) e quanto à estabilidade térmica por termogravimetria (TGA). Os resultados mostraram que os whiskers de sisal apresentaram comprimento e diâmetro médios e 210 nm e 5 nm respectivamente. Devido à alta aglomeração dos whiskers, diferenças relativas às características dimensionais não puderam ser determinadas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma forte dependência da cristalinidade final dos whiskers com a temperatura e tempo de extração. O uso de temperatura mais alta (60 °C) associado a um menor tempo de extração (30 minutos) resulta em whiskers com boa estabilidade térmica (235 °C), maior cristalinidade e sem o comprometimento da estrutura cristalina da celulose. Palavras-chave: Sisal, branqueamento, whiskers de sisal. Whiskers from Sisal Fibers Obtained under Different Acid Hydrolysis Conditions: Effect of Time and Temperature of ExtractionAbstract: In this work, the effects of different conditions of time and temperature, used for the preparation of whiskers from sisal, were investigated to determine the influence of experimental parameters on morphology, crystallinity and thermal stability of materials prepared. The whiskers were obtained after the bleaching of sisal raw fiber with a solution of hydrogen peroxide alkaline. The bleached fiber was submitted to the process of hydrolysis with sulphuric acid solution 60 wt. (%) under three different conditions of temperature and time of extraction: 45 °C and 60 minutes (WS 45_60 ); 45 °C and 75 minutes (WS 45_75 ) and 60 °C and 30 minutes (WS 60_30 ). The whiskers were characterized as the morphology by transmission electron microscopy (MET), crystallinity (DRX), surface charge (zeta potential), sulfur content (by elemental analysis) and thermal stability by thermogravimetry (TGA). The sisal whiskers presented an average length and diameter of 210 nm and 5 nm, respectively. Due to the high agglomeration state of whiskers, differences on dimensional features could not be determined. The results showed a strong dependence on crystallinity of whiskers with temperature and time of extraction. Hydrolysis in higher temperature (60 °C) and lower extraction time (30 minutes) resulted in whiskers w...

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The rapid increase in CIPNS E. coli causing bacteraemia was closely related to the increase in resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, production of ESBLs and resistance to aminoglycosides. Community use of fluoroquinolones (mainly moxifloxacin and levofloxacin) and of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid represents a significant driver in the progression of fluoroquinolone resistance in bacteraemic E. coli.

Composites of starch, fiber, and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were made using a foam substrate formed by dehydrating starch or starch/fiber gels. PLA was infiltrated into the dry foam to provide better moisture resistance. Foam composites were also compressed into plastics using force ranging from 4-76 MPa.Tensile strength increased with increasing compression force applied to the foam sample. The samples became increasingly transparent with compression forces approaching 76 MPa. PLA infusion into starch and starch/fiber foam composites resulted in PLA content of 20% and 33%, respectively and provided moisture resistance to the outer regions of the foam samples. The PLA-infused foam samples increased in tensile strength when compressed up to 29 MPa. The PLA-infused compressed samples had greater moisture resistance and had intermediate rates of mineralization compared to the control samples.