Whiskers de fibra de sisal obtidos sob diferentes condições de hidrólise ácida: efeito do tempo e da temperatura de extração

Abstract

Resumo: Neste trabalho, os efeitos de diferentes condições de tempo e temperatura usados para a preparação de whiskers de sisal foram investigados com o objetivo de se determinar a influência destes parâmetros experimentais na morfologia, cristalinidade e estabilidade térmica dos materiais preparados. A obtenção dos whiskers deu-se após o pré-branqueamento da fibra de sisal com solução alcalina de peróxido de hidrogênio. A fibra branqueada foi submetida ao processo de hidrólise com solução de ácido sulfúrico 60% (m/m) sob três diferentes condições de temperatura e tempos de extração: 45 °C e 60 minutos (WS 45_60 ); 45 °C e 75 minutos (WS 45_75 ) e 60 °C e 30 minutos (WS 60_30 ). Os whiskers foram caracterizados quanto à morfologia por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), quanto à cristalinidade (DRX), carga superficial (potencial zeta) , teor de enxofre (análise elementar) e quanto à estabilidade térmica por termogravimetria (TGA). Os resultados mostraram que os whiskers de sisal apresentaram comprimento e diâmetro médios e 210 nm e 5 nm respectivamente. Devido à alta aglomeração dos whiskers, diferenças relativas às características dimensionais não puderam ser determinadas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma forte dependência da cristalinidade final dos whiskers com a temperatura e tempo de extração. O uso de temperatura mais alta (60 °C) associado a um menor tempo de extração (30 minutos) resulta em whiskers com boa estabilidade térmica (235 °C), maior cristalinidade e sem o comprometimento da estrutura cristalina da celulose. Palavras-chave: Sisal, branqueamento, whiskers de sisal. Whiskers from Sisal Fibers Obtained under Different Acid Hydrolysis Conditions: Effect of Time and Temperature of ExtractionAbstract: In this work, the effects of different conditions of time and temperature, used for the preparation of whiskers from sisal, were investigated to determine the influence of experimental parameters on morphology, crystallinity and thermal stability of materials prepared. The whiskers were obtained after the bleaching of sisal raw fiber with a solution of hydrogen peroxide alkaline. The bleached fiber was submitted to the process of hydrolysis with sulphuric acid solution 60 wt. (%) under three different conditions of temperature and time of extraction: 45 °C and 60 minutes (WS 45_60 ); 45 °C and 75 minutes (WS 45_75 ) and 60 °C and 30 minutes (WS 60_30 ). The whiskers were characterized as the morphology by transmission electron microscopy (MET), crystallinity (DRX), surface charge (zeta potential), sulfur content (by elemental analysis) and thermal stability by thermogravimetry (TGA). The sisal whiskers presented an average length and diameter of 210 nm and 5 nm, respectively. Due to the high agglomeration state of whiskers, differences on dimensional features could not be determined. The results showed a strong dependence on crystallinity of whiskers with temperature and time of extraction. Hydrolysis in higher temperature (60 °C) and lower extraction time (30 minutes) resulted in whiskers w...

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