Nanocellulose Produced from Rice Hulls and its Effect on the Properties of Biodegradable Starch Films

Abstract

Rice hull is a residue from agro-industry that can be used to produce nanocellulose. We produced nanocellulose from rice hulls through bleaching (with a 5% NaOH solution followed by a peracetic acid solution) and acid hydrolysis at a mild temperature (45ºC) followed by ultrasonication. We investigated the microstructure, crystallinity and thermal stability of these materials and studied their effects on the properties of starch films. After bleaching, the compact structure around the cellulosic fibers was removed, and the lignin content of the residue decreased from 7.22 to 4.22%. The obtained nanocellulose presented a higher crystallinity (up 70%), higher thermal stability than the raw material and lignin contents below 0.35%. The nanocellulose formed interconnected webs of tiny fibers (< 100 nm in diameter), which decreased the opacity, water vapor permeability and improved the mechanical properties when added as reinforcement in the starch films.

Extraction and characterization of cellulose from halophytes: next generation source of cellulose fibre

“…The CP-MAS 13 C-NMR spectra gives us the carbon backbone of a molecule, the 13 C NMR spectral values of halophyte cellulose were corroborating with the previous reports of 13 C NMR of cellulose [34,52,55,58]. The spectra of crude cellulose of halophyte developed doublet between 72 and 82 ppm (Fig.…”

Influence of High-Pressure Steam Pretreatment on the Structure of Rice Husk and Enzymatic Saccharification in a Two-Step System

“…The shoulder near 1700 cm -1 may have also been associated with the presence of C=O bonds, which is a known property of hemicellulose and lignin (Abraham et al 2011). Similarly, the presence of this shoulder was reported by Johar et al (2012) and Nascimento et al (2016) in pretreated RH for nanocellulose. Moreover, the peak at 1512 cm -1 corresponded to C=C stretching of the aromatic ring of lignin.…”

Mechanical Properties of a Water Hyacinth Nanofiber Cellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bionanocomposite: Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration during Processing

“…This is probably due to a number of factors such as more complete gelation of starch during fabrication, homogeneity of the distribution Longer UVT also increased ME and decreased EB of the bionanocomposite (Figure 3b,c). The ME after 30 and 60 min UVT was increased by 107% and 254% compared to the untreated bionanocomposite due to good adhesion bonding between nanofiber cellulose and starch matrix [35,36]. UVT also compacts the structure [5].…”